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Cell biology
Biological molecules
Organisation
Infection and response
Energy transfers (a2 only)
Homeostasis and response
Responding to change (a2 only)
The control of gene expression (a-level only)
Substance exchange
Bioenergetics
Genetic information & variation
Inheritance, variation and evolution
Genetics & ecosystems (a2 only)
Ecology
Cells
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1c the tudors: england, 1485-1603
1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
Inter-war germany
1f industrialisation and the people: britain, c1783-1885
Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
2n revolution and dictatorship: russia, 1917-1953
2j america: a nation divided, c1845-1877
The cold war
World war two & the holocaust
World war one
Medieval period: 1066 -1509
The fight for female suffrage
2m wars and welfare: britain in transition, 1906-1957
2d religious conflict and the church in england, c1529-c1570
Britain: 1509 -1745
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09/09/2022
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cencerinanuli gradient High concentration concentration gradient High concentration O DIFFUSION - movement of molecules down a concentration gradient from high to low - no energy required passive transport O Low concentration LOW energy concentration ACTIVE TRANSPORT molecules and ion more from a lower concentation to a higher concentration needs energy carbon dioxide diffuses out of cells from a higher concentration inside the cell to a lower concentration outside the cell BURSTS TURGID ANIMALS PLANTS Sa SHRINKS Placed in cell with Higher water concentration compared to its cytoplasm will gain water, swell up + burst PLASMOLYSED Transport across cell membranes ANIMALS Placed in cell with lower water concentration compared to its cytoplasm will lose water and shrink PLANTS Glucose + + Oxygen diffuse into cells from a higher concentration outside the cell to a lower concentration Cinside the cell placed in cell with a higher water concentration comported to it cytoplasm will become turgid Phospholipid - double layer 11 CELL MEMBRANE phospholipid SPECIAL CASE OF PASSIVE TRANSPORT Visking tubing is an excumple of a & selectively (permeable membrane) CELL MEMBRANE - selectively permeable membrane Protein - only small and soluble molecules to cross the membrane - Osmosis Diffusion Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a higher water concentration to a lower water Placed in cell with lewer water concentration compared to its cytoplasm will become plasmolysed concentration through aj selectively permeable, membrane
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