Page 1: Photosynthesis, Speciation, and Ecological Processes

The page details the intricate processes of photosynthesis, particularly focusing on the Calvin cycle and carbon fixation mechanisms. It explains how carbon dioxide combines with RuBP to form various compounds through enzymatic reactions. The text also explores speciation processes and ecological succession.

Definition: The Calvin cycle is the light-independent phase of photosynthesis where carbon dioxide is converted into glucose using ATP and NADPH.

Highlight: The role of chloroplasts in carbon fixation is crucial, as they contain specialized structures like thylakoids and grana that facilitate photosynthesis.

Example: During allopatric speciation, physical barriers separate populations, leading to reproductive isolation in speciation through geographical isolation.

Vocabulary: RuBP (Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate) - A molecule that combines with CO₂ in the first major step of carbon fixation.

Quote: "Natural Selection gives rise to evolution through changes in allele frequency over time."

The page also covers ecological succession, describing both primary and secondary succession processes. It explains how pioneer species colonize new environments and how ecosystems develop complexity over time until reaching a climax community. The role of photosystems in light-dependent reactions and the importance of chloroplasts in carbon fixation are thoroughly detailed, emphasizing their significance in maintaining ecological balance and supporting life processes.