RNA Structure
RNA (ribonucleic acid) serves as the crucial bridge between DNA and protein synthesis. Like DNA, RNA consists of nucleotides containing phosphate, sugar, and a base, but with key differences that make it perfect for its job.
Instead of deoxyribose, RNA uses ribose sugar. The four bases are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil - notice that uracil replaces thymine found in DNA. Base pairing follows the rule: A pairs with U, and C pairs with G.
Unlike DNA's double helix, RNA molecules are usually single-stranded. This allows them to fold into complex shapes and perform various functions within the cell, from carrying messages to catalyzing reactions.
Quick Note: Remember "U" for uracil in RNA - it's the key difference from DNA's thymine!