Definition: The zona pellucida is a protective layer surrounding the egg cell, crucial for fertilization.

Example: Red blood cells lack nuclei to maximize space for hemoglobin, demonstrating cell differentiation and specialisation.

Highlight: White blood cells, particularly neutrophils and lymphocytes, show complex adaptations for immune function.

Vocabulary: Lysosomes are cellular structures containing digestive enzymes used by white blood cells to destroy pathogens.

Definition: Cell differentiation is the process where cells modify their structure to perform specific functions.

Example: Xylem cells are hollow to efficiently transport water through plants, demonstrating how structure relates to function.

Highlight: Palisade cells contain numerous chloroplasts specifically for photosynthesis, showing cell differentiation examples.

Vocabulary: Chloroplasts are specialized cell structures where photosynthesis occurs.