Respiration Revision Notes

Alternative transcript:

NADH I FADH 4 carbon compound oxaloacetate FAD MOP+ Pi Coenzyme A delivers acetyl to the Krebs Cycle where ATP ² glucose is oxidised, producing co₂, ATP, NADH, and FADH. Each glucose molecule causes the cycle to turn twice so for each glucase we produce 400₂14 MADH, 2 FADH and 2 ATP. These ATP molecules are produced vid substrate level phosphorylation. Where do the products go? THE KREBS NADH CUCLE NAD CO₂ •Reduced in next link reaction. Regenerated for next krebs cycle Released-waste product used in oxidative phosphorylation COM 6-Carbon compound citrate C0₂ -NAD NADH 5-carbon compound OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION H+ Ht Ht Ht H+ NADHNAD RQ H+ Cyt c Ht H+ 2H+0₂4₂0 There is a theoretical yeild of 38 ATP per glucose, but this is rarely achieved as the inner mitochondrial membrane is 'Leaky'. Pyruvate also requires ATP for active transport. Respiratory substrates include carbs, lipids and proteins which release varied energy, depending on the number of hydrogens. RQ = Respiratory Quotient, this can be measured to determine which respiratory substrate is used: - Co₂ produced O2 consumed Carbs=1 upids=0-8 proteins = 0.9 4+ H+ ATPase Ht H¹ ADP Oxidative phosphorylation is the process of which ATP is synthesised in the electron transport chain in the mitochondria. This generates the majority of ATP. ↳ Reduced coenzymes (NADH + FADH) carry Ht and e to the electron transport chain which is in the inner mitochondrial membrane. LElectrons are carried from one electron carrier to another in a series of redox reactions →→ the electron carrier which passes the electron on is oxidised whereas the electron carrier that recieves the electron is reduced. The energy provided by the electrons is used to move hydrogen cions across the inner membrane into the intermembrane space. As a result, the concentration of Hi* ions is high in the intermembrane space. This process occurs as the inner membrane is impermeable to H. ↳ Hydrogen ions diffuse into the matrix down an electrochemical gradient through Aspase ↳ ATP is produced on stalked particles using ATP synthase Here, oxygen acts as the final acceptor for Ht. H+ ATP ATP Synthase