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Understanding the Role of Proteome, Intracellular Membranes, and Lysosomes in Protein Synthesis

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Katie Rose

26/10/2023

Biology

Proteins

Understanding the Role of Proteome, Intracellular Membranes, and Lysosomes in Protein Synthesis

Cells contain complex internal structures called intracellular membranes that play crucial roles in protein synthesis and processing. These membranes create specialized compartments that help organize cellular activities.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a major site of protein synthesis, containing both rough and smooth regions. The rough ER has ribosomes attached to its surface where proteins are made. Integral membrane proteins and transmembrane proteins are synthesized directly into the ER membrane, while peripheral proteins associate more loosely with membrane surfaces. Proteins move through the ER to the Golgi apparatus for further processing and sorting. The Golgi acts like a cellular post office, packaging and directing proteins to their final destinations within or outside the cell.

Lysosomes are specialized membrane-bound organelles that serve as the cell's recycling centers. The main functions of lysosomes include breaking down old cell parts, digesting foreign particles, and processing proteins for reuse. Located throughout the cytoplasm, lysosome structure consists of a single membrane containing powerful digestive enzymes. These enzymes work best in the acidic environment maintained inside lysosomes. When proteins need to be broken down, they are transported to lysosomes where specific enzymes called proteases break the proteins into smaller pieces that the cell can recycle. This process of protein digestion is essential for maintaining cellular health and removing damaged or unnecessary proteins. In addition to protein breakdown, lysosomes help during cell growth, repair, and death processes. They also play important roles in the immune system by helping cells destroy harmful bacteria and viruses. Understanding how these various membrane systems work together to process proteins is crucial for cell biology and has important implications for treating diseases caused by protein processing problems.

...

26/10/2023

414

1.2) Proteins
1.2) Proteins
a) The Proteome
Complexity
2000
Genome
-20-25,000
genes Alternative splicing
2MMA
-AAA
AAA
AAA
AAA
-100,000
mRNA

View

Understanding Protein Synthesis and the Proteome

The proteome represents the complete set of proteins expressed by an organism's genome. While the human genome contains approximately 20,000-25,000 genes, the proteome is vastly more complex, containing over 1 million different proteins. This remarkable expansion occurs through processes like alternative splicing, where a single gene can produce multiple protein variants.

Definition: The proteome is the entire collection of proteins that can be expressed by an organism's genetic material at any given time.

Cellular protein expression is highly dynamic and responds to various factors. These include metabolic demands, stress conditions, signaling molecules, and the cell's health status. Not all genes encode proteins - some produce non-coding RNAs like tRNA and rRNA that regulate gene expression.

The complexity of protein synthesis involves multiple cellular components working in concert. Intracellular membranes in protein synthesis play crucial roles in protein production, modification, and transport. These membrane systems include the rough endoplasmic reticulum RERRER, which contains ribosomes for protein synthesis, and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum SERSER for lipid production.

Highlight: Alternative splicing allows cells to produce multiple protein variants from a single gene, greatly expanding the diversity of the proteome beyond what the genome alone would suggest.

1.2) Proteins
1.2) Proteins
a) The Proteome
Complexity
2000
Genome
-20-25,000
genes Alternative splicing
2MMA
-AAA
AAA
AAA
AAA
-100,000
mRNA

View

The Role of Intracellular Membranes in Protein Synthesis

Types of intracellular membranes in protein synthesis form an elaborate network essential for cellular function. Eukaryotic cells have evolved these internal membrane systems to increase their functional surface area, as their plasma membrane alone would be insufficient for all necessary cellular processes.

The endoplasmic reticulum ERER serves as the primary site for protein synthesis and modification. The rough ER, studded with ribosomes, specializes in protein production, while the smooth ER handles lipid synthesis. These membrane systems work together with other organelles like the Golgi apparatus to process and transport proteins.

Example: Think of intracellular membranes as a cellular factory assembly line - proteins are manufactured at the rough ER, modified and packaged in the Golgi apparatus, and then shipped to their final destinations via transport vesicles.

Integral membrane proteins and peripheral proteins are two major categories of membrane-associated proteins. Transmembrane proteins span the entire membrane, while peripheral proteins attach to membrane surfaces. This organization allows cells to maintain proper protein distribution and function.

1.2) Proteins
1.2) Proteins
a) The Proteome
Complexity
2000
Genome
-20-25,000
genes Alternative splicing
2MMA
-AAA
AAA
AAA
AAA
-100,000
mRNA

View

Lysosomes and Protein Processing

Lysosomes function as the cell's digestive system, containing powerful enzymes that break down various biological molecules. These membrane-bound organelles maintain an acidic interior pH, which is optimal for their digestive enzymes to function properly.

Vocabulary: Hydrolases - enzymes within lysosomes that break down proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates through the addition of water.

The 3 functions of lysosomes include:

  1. Digestion of cellular waste materials
  2. Breakdown of foreign particles
  3. Cellular recycling during autophagy

Lysosome structure consists of a single membrane containing various digestive enzymes. Their strategic lysosome location within the cell allows them to quickly receive materials for degradation through vesicle fusion.

1.2) Proteins
1.2) Proteins
a) The Proteome
Complexity
2000
Genome
-20-25,000
genes Alternative splicing
2MMA
-AAA
AAA
AAA
AAA
-100,000
mRNA

View

Membrane Transport and Protein Distribution

Vesicular transport systems move proteins and other materials between different cellular compartments. These transport vesicles are small membrane-enclosed sacs that bud off from one membrane and fuse with another, allowing for precise protein targeting and distribution.

The synthesis of membrane components occurs primarily in the ER. Lipids and proteins are manufactured in coordination, ensuring proper membrane assembly and function. This process requires careful regulation to maintain cellular organization and homeostasis.

Highlight: Transport vesicles act as cellular shipping containers, moving proteins and other materials between membrane-bound compartments while maintaining cellular organization.

The entire protein synthesis and transport system demonstrates remarkable coordination between different cellular components. From initial synthesis in the rough ER to final delivery via vesicles, each step is precisely controlled to ensure proper protein function and cellular health.

1.2) Proteins
1.2) Proteins
a) The Proteome
Complexity
2000
Genome
-20-25,000
genes Alternative splicing
2MMA
-AAA
AAA
AAA
AAA
-100,000
mRNA

View

Understanding Protein Synthesis and Transport in Cells

Intracellular membranes in protein synthesis play a crucial role in cellular function. The process begins in cytosolic ribosomes, where all protein synthesis initiates. While cytosolic proteins complete their synthesis and remain in the cytosol, transmembrane proteins follow a different path due to their signal sequences.

Definition: A signal sequence is a specific arrangement of amino acids that determines where a protein will ultimately be located within the cell.

The endoplasmic reticulum ERER serves as a primary site for protein processing. When synthesizing transmembrane proteins, the signal sequence halts translation temporarily, allowing the ribosome to dock with the ER. This creates the rough endoplasmic reticulum RERRER, where protein synthesis continues as the protein gets inserted into the ER membrane.

Peripheral proteins and integral membrane proteins move through cellular compartments via vesicle transport. These vesicles bud off from the ER and fuse with the Golgi apparatus, where proteins undergo important modifications. The Golgi apparatus acts as a processing center, adding carbohydrate groups and other modifications to proteins before their final destination.

Highlight: The movement of proteins between cellular membranes is a highly organized process involving specialized transport vesicles and the cytoskeleton.

1.2) Proteins
1.2) Proteins
a) The Proteome
Complexity
2000
Genome
-20-25,000
genes Alternative splicing
2MMA
-AAA
AAA
AAA
AAA
-100,000
mRNA

View

Post-Translational Modifications and Protein Transport

Proteins undergo various modifications after their initial synthesis, including methylation, hydroxylation, lipidation, and acetylation. These changes are crucial for proper protein function and cellular organization.

Vocabulary: Post-translational modifications are chemical changes made to proteins after their synthesis, including:

  • Glycosylation addingsugarsadding sugars
  • Phosphorylation addingphosphategroupsadding phosphate groups
  • Ubiquitination addingubiquitinforproteindegradationadding ubiquitin for protein degradation
  • SUMOylation addingSUMOproteinsadding SUMO proteins

The secretory pathway represents a major route for protein transport. Lysosomes function in protein degradation and cellular recycling. The lysosome structure contains various digestive enzymes, and their proper function is essential for cell health. Lysosome location is typically near the cell center, allowing efficient processing of cellular materials.

Example: Transport vesicles move along microtubules using ATP-powered motor proteins, ensuring precise delivery of proteins to their destinations.

1.2) Proteins
1.2) Proteins
a) The Proteome
Complexity
2000
Genome
-20-25,000
genes Alternative splicing
2MMA
-AAA
AAA
AAA
AAA
-100,000
mRNA

View

Protein Secretion and Activation

Secreted proteins, including peptide hormones and digestive enzymes, follow a specific pathway through the cell. These proteins are synthesized in the RER, processed through the Golgi apparatus, and packaged into secretory vesicles.

Many secreted proteins require activation through proteolytic cleavage, a critical post-translational modification. This process is particularly important for digestive enzymes, which are initially produced in inactive forms to prevent premature activation.

Example: Chymotrypsin, a digestive enzyme, is first produced as inactive chymotrypsinogen and must be cleaved to become functional.

The 3 functions of lysosomes include:

  1. Protein degradation
  2. Cellular recycling
  3. Breakdown of foreign materials
1.2) Proteins
1.2) Proteins
a) The Proteome
Complexity
2000
Genome
-20-25,000
genes Alternative splicing
2MMA
-AAA
AAA
AAA
AAA
-100,000
mRNA

View

Protein Structure and Chemical Properties

The fundamental structure of proteins begins with amino acids, which connect through peptide bonds to form polypeptides. Each amino acid contains a unique R group that determines its chemical properties and contribution to protein function.

Amino acids are classified based on their R groups:

  • Basic positivelychargedpositively charged
  • Acidic negativelychargednegatively charged
  • Polar containinghydrogenoroxygencontaining hydrogen or oxygen
  • Hydrophobic containingorganicringscontaining organic rings

Definition: The primary structure of a protein is the specific sequence of amino acids in its polypeptide chain.

Protein folding involves multiple levels of structure, including secondary structures alphahelicesandbetasheetsalpha helices and beta sheets and tertiary structure, which is stabilized by various chemical interactions between R groups. These interactions include hydrophobic forces, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and disulfide bridges.

1.2) Proteins
1.2) Proteins
a) The Proteome
Complexity
2000
Genome
-20-25,000
genes Alternative splicing
2MMA
-AAA
AAA
AAA
AAA
-100,000
mRNA

View

Understanding Protein Structure and Organization

The complex world of proteins involves multiple levels of structural organization, with peripheral proteins and integral membrane proteins playing key roles. The tertiary structure represents the three-dimensional arrangement of a single polypeptide chain, which forms through various chemical bonds and interactions. This structure is crucial for proper protein synthesis and function within cells.

When proteins contain multiple polypeptide chains, they exhibit quaternary structure - the highest level of protein organization. These individual chains, called subunits, come together in specific spatial arrangements to form functional protein complexes. The quaternary structure is particularly important for transmembrane proteins and other complex cellular machinery.

The spatial arrangement of protein subunits in quaternary structure isn't random - it's precisely controlled by various molecular forces and cellular conditions. This organization allows proteins to perform specialized functions, from enzymatic activities in lysosomes to structural support in cell membranes. Understanding these arrangements is crucial for comprehending protein function in cellular processes.

Definition: Quaternary structure refers to the specific spatial arrangement of multiple polypeptide subunits in a protein complex, essential for biological function.

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Biology

414

26 Oct 2023

16 pages

Understanding the Role of Proteome, Intracellular Membranes, and Lysosomes in Protein Synthesis

user profile picture

Katie Rose

@katierose

Cells contain complex internal structures called intracellular membranes that play crucial roles in protein synthesis and processing. These membranes create specialized compartments that help organize cellular activities.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a major site of protein synthesis, containing... Show more

1.2) Proteins
1.2) Proteins
a) The Proteome
Complexity
2000
Genome
-20-25,000
genes Alternative splicing
2MMA
-AAA
AAA
AAA
AAA
-100,000
mRNA

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Understanding Protein Synthesis and the Proteome

The proteome represents the complete set of proteins expressed by an organism's genome. While the human genome contains approximately 20,000-25,000 genes, the proteome is vastly more complex, containing over 1 million different proteins. This remarkable expansion occurs through processes like alternative splicing, where a single gene can produce multiple protein variants.

Definition: The proteome is the entire collection of proteins that can be expressed by an organism's genetic material at any given time.

Cellular protein expression is highly dynamic and responds to various factors. These include metabolic demands, stress conditions, signaling molecules, and the cell's health status. Not all genes encode proteins - some produce non-coding RNAs like tRNA and rRNA that regulate gene expression.

The complexity of protein synthesis involves multiple cellular components working in concert. Intracellular membranes in protein synthesis play crucial roles in protein production, modification, and transport. These membrane systems include the rough endoplasmic reticulum RERRER, which contains ribosomes for protein synthesis, and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum SERSER for lipid production.

Highlight: Alternative splicing allows cells to produce multiple protein variants from a single gene, greatly expanding the diversity of the proteome beyond what the genome alone would suggest.

1.2) Proteins
1.2) Proteins
a) The Proteome
Complexity
2000
Genome
-20-25,000
genes Alternative splicing
2MMA
-AAA
AAA
AAA
AAA
-100,000
mRNA

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

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By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

The Role of Intracellular Membranes in Protein Synthesis

Types of intracellular membranes in protein synthesis form an elaborate network essential for cellular function. Eukaryotic cells have evolved these internal membrane systems to increase their functional surface area, as their plasma membrane alone would be insufficient for all necessary cellular processes.

The endoplasmic reticulum ERER serves as the primary site for protein synthesis and modification. The rough ER, studded with ribosomes, specializes in protein production, while the smooth ER handles lipid synthesis. These membrane systems work together with other organelles like the Golgi apparatus to process and transport proteins.

Example: Think of intracellular membranes as a cellular factory assembly line - proteins are manufactured at the rough ER, modified and packaged in the Golgi apparatus, and then shipped to their final destinations via transport vesicles.

Integral membrane proteins and peripheral proteins are two major categories of membrane-associated proteins. Transmembrane proteins span the entire membrane, while peripheral proteins attach to membrane surfaces. This organization allows cells to maintain proper protein distribution and function.

1.2) Proteins
1.2) Proteins
a) The Proteome
Complexity
2000
Genome
-20-25,000
genes Alternative splicing
2MMA
-AAA
AAA
AAA
AAA
-100,000
mRNA

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By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Lysosomes and Protein Processing

Lysosomes function as the cell's digestive system, containing powerful enzymes that break down various biological molecules. These membrane-bound organelles maintain an acidic interior pH, which is optimal for their digestive enzymes to function properly.

Vocabulary: Hydrolases - enzymes within lysosomes that break down proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates through the addition of water.

The 3 functions of lysosomes include:

  1. Digestion of cellular waste materials
  2. Breakdown of foreign particles
  3. Cellular recycling during autophagy

Lysosome structure consists of a single membrane containing various digestive enzymes. Their strategic lysosome location within the cell allows them to quickly receive materials for degradation through vesicle fusion.

1.2) Proteins
1.2) Proteins
a) The Proteome
Complexity
2000
Genome
-20-25,000
genes Alternative splicing
2MMA
-AAA
AAA
AAA
AAA
-100,000
mRNA

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Membrane Transport and Protein Distribution

Vesicular transport systems move proteins and other materials between different cellular compartments. These transport vesicles are small membrane-enclosed sacs that bud off from one membrane and fuse with another, allowing for precise protein targeting and distribution.

The synthesis of membrane components occurs primarily in the ER. Lipids and proteins are manufactured in coordination, ensuring proper membrane assembly and function. This process requires careful regulation to maintain cellular organization and homeostasis.

Highlight: Transport vesicles act as cellular shipping containers, moving proteins and other materials between membrane-bound compartments while maintaining cellular organization.

The entire protein synthesis and transport system demonstrates remarkable coordination between different cellular components. From initial synthesis in the rough ER to final delivery via vesicles, each step is precisely controlled to ensure proper protein function and cellular health.

1.2) Proteins
1.2) Proteins
a) The Proteome
Complexity
2000
Genome
-20-25,000
genes Alternative splicing
2MMA
-AAA
AAA
AAA
AAA
-100,000
mRNA

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

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By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Understanding Protein Synthesis and Transport in Cells

Intracellular membranes in protein synthesis play a crucial role in cellular function. The process begins in cytosolic ribosomes, where all protein synthesis initiates. While cytosolic proteins complete their synthesis and remain in the cytosol, transmembrane proteins follow a different path due to their signal sequences.

Definition: A signal sequence is a specific arrangement of amino acids that determines where a protein will ultimately be located within the cell.

The endoplasmic reticulum ERER serves as a primary site for protein processing. When synthesizing transmembrane proteins, the signal sequence halts translation temporarily, allowing the ribosome to dock with the ER. This creates the rough endoplasmic reticulum RERRER, where protein synthesis continues as the protein gets inserted into the ER membrane.

Peripheral proteins and integral membrane proteins move through cellular compartments via vesicle transport. These vesicles bud off from the ER and fuse with the Golgi apparatus, where proteins undergo important modifications. The Golgi apparatus acts as a processing center, adding carbohydrate groups and other modifications to proteins before their final destination.

Highlight: The movement of proteins between cellular membranes is a highly organized process involving specialized transport vesicles and the cytoskeleton.

1.2) Proteins
1.2) Proteins
a) The Proteome
Complexity
2000
Genome
-20-25,000
genes Alternative splicing
2MMA
-AAA
AAA
AAA
AAA
-100,000
mRNA

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Post-Translational Modifications and Protein Transport

Proteins undergo various modifications after their initial synthesis, including methylation, hydroxylation, lipidation, and acetylation. These changes are crucial for proper protein function and cellular organization.

Vocabulary: Post-translational modifications are chemical changes made to proteins after their synthesis, including:

  • Glycosylation addingsugarsadding sugars
  • Phosphorylation addingphosphategroupsadding phosphate groups
  • Ubiquitination addingubiquitinforproteindegradationadding ubiquitin for protein degradation
  • SUMOylation addingSUMOproteinsadding SUMO proteins

The secretory pathway represents a major route for protein transport. Lysosomes function in protein degradation and cellular recycling. The lysosome structure contains various digestive enzymes, and their proper function is essential for cell health. Lysosome location is typically near the cell center, allowing efficient processing of cellular materials.

Example: Transport vesicles move along microtubules using ATP-powered motor proteins, ensuring precise delivery of proteins to their destinations.

1.2) Proteins
1.2) Proteins
a) The Proteome
Complexity
2000
Genome
-20-25,000
genes Alternative splicing
2MMA
-AAA
AAA
AAA
AAA
-100,000
mRNA

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By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Protein Secretion and Activation

Secreted proteins, including peptide hormones and digestive enzymes, follow a specific pathway through the cell. These proteins are synthesized in the RER, processed through the Golgi apparatus, and packaged into secretory vesicles.

Many secreted proteins require activation through proteolytic cleavage, a critical post-translational modification. This process is particularly important for digestive enzymes, which are initially produced in inactive forms to prevent premature activation.

Example: Chymotrypsin, a digestive enzyme, is first produced as inactive chymotrypsinogen and must be cleaved to become functional.

The 3 functions of lysosomes include:

  1. Protein degradation
  2. Cellular recycling
  3. Breakdown of foreign materials
1.2) Proteins
1.2) Proteins
a) The Proteome
Complexity
2000
Genome
-20-25,000
genes Alternative splicing
2MMA
-AAA
AAA
AAA
AAA
-100,000
mRNA

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

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Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Protein Structure and Chemical Properties

The fundamental structure of proteins begins with amino acids, which connect through peptide bonds to form polypeptides. Each amino acid contains a unique R group that determines its chemical properties and contribution to protein function.

Amino acids are classified based on their R groups:

  • Basic positivelychargedpositively charged
  • Acidic negativelychargednegatively charged
  • Polar containinghydrogenoroxygencontaining hydrogen or oxygen
  • Hydrophobic containingorganicringscontaining organic rings

Definition: The primary structure of a protein is the specific sequence of amino acids in its polypeptide chain.

Protein folding involves multiple levels of structure, including secondary structures alphahelicesandbetasheetsalpha helices and beta sheets and tertiary structure, which is stabilized by various chemical interactions between R groups. These interactions include hydrophobic forces, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and disulfide bridges.

1.2) Proteins
1.2) Proteins
a) The Proteome
Complexity
2000
Genome
-20-25,000
genes Alternative splicing
2MMA
-AAA
AAA
AAA
AAA
-100,000
mRNA

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Understanding Protein Structure and Organization

The complex world of proteins involves multiple levels of structural organization, with peripheral proteins and integral membrane proteins playing key roles. The tertiary structure represents the three-dimensional arrangement of a single polypeptide chain, which forms through various chemical bonds and interactions. This structure is crucial for proper protein synthesis and function within cells.

When proteins contain multiple polypeptide chains, they exhibit quaternary structure - the highest level of protein organization. These individual chains, called subunits, come together in specific spatial arrangements to form functional protein complexes. The quaternary structure is particularly important for transmembrane proteins and other complex cellular machinery.

The spatial arrangement of protein subunits in quaternary structure isn't random - it's precisely controlled by various molecular forces and cellular conditions. This organization allows proteins to perform specialized functions, from enzymatic activities in lysosomes to structural support in cell membranes. Understanding these arrangements is crucial for comprehending protein function in cellular processes.

Definition: Quaternary structure refers to the specific spatial arrangement of multiple polypeptide subunits in a protein complex, essential for biological function.

1.2) Proteins
1.2) Proteins
a) The Proteome
Complexity
2000
Genome
-20-25,000
genes Alternative splicing
2MMA
-AAA
AAA
AAA
AAA
-100,000
mRNA

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Role of Cellular Membranes and Protein Organization

Intracellular membranes in protein synthesis serve as crucial organizing centers for cellular activities. These membranes, including the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, provide specialized compartments where proteins can be synthesized, modified, and sorted. The importance of intracellular membranes in protein synthesis cannot be overstated, as they ensure proper protein folding and trafficking.

Different types of intracellular membranes in protein synthesis work together in a coordinated manner. For example, the rough endoplasmic reticulum specializes in protein synthesis, while the smooth endoplasmic reticulum handles lipid synthesis and other functions. Lysosome function and protein digestion depends on these membrane systems for proper protein delivery and breakdown.

The lysosome structure and organization is particularly important for cellular protein management. These membrane-bound organelles contain digestive enzymes that break down worn-out proteins and other cellular materials. The 3 functions of lysosomes include protein degradation, cellular recycling, and waste management. Their strategic lysosome location within cells allows them to efficiently process materials from throughout the cell.

Highlight: Intracellular membranes create specialized compartments that are essential for proper protein synthesis, modification, and degradation in cells.

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This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

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Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

iOS user