The nervous system relies on electrical signals called action potentials to transmit information rapidly through neurons. This document provides an in-depth overview of the mechanism of action potential generation in neurons and synaptic transmission between neurons. It covers the resting membrane potential, steps involved in generating an action potential, and how signals are passed across synapses using neurotransmitters.
Action potentials are self-propagating waves of electrical activity that travel along neuron membranes. They involve a temporary reversal of the electrical potential difference across the membrane, changing from the resting potential to an excited state. The document explains the ion channels and pumps involved in maintaining the resting potential and generating action potentials.
Synaptic transmission is the process by which signals are passed between neurons at specialized junctions called synapses. The document details the structure of synapses, release of neurotransmitters, and how they bind to receptors to potentially trigger new action potentials in the receiving neuron. It specifically examines cholinergic synapses that use acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter.
Key concepts covered include the resting membrane potential, depolarization, the all-or-nothing nature of action potentials, and the steps involved in synaptic transmission. The material provides a solid foundation for understanding the physiology of neuronal signaling and communication in the nervous system.
