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How Nerve Signals Work: Action Potential and Neuron Movements

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Ella Coles

15/02/2023

Biology

Nervous Tissue

How Nerve Signals Work: Action Potential and Neuron Movements

The action potential in neurons is a crucial process for nerve impulse transmission. Action potential movement in neurons involves changes in ion concentrations across the cell membrane.

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15/02/2023

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Biology

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15 Feb 2023

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How Nerve Signals Work: Action Potential and Neuron Movements

E

Ella Coles

@ellacoles_cmdj

The action potential in neurons is a crucial process for nerve impulse transmission. Action potential movement in neurons involves changes in ion concentrations across the cell membrane.

ACTION
ACTION POTENTIAL
INTIAL
Nerve impuises travel alongs neurones as a
series of action potentials.
An action. potential describes the mo

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Action Potential in Neurons

The action potential is a fundamental process in nerve impulse transmission along neurons. It involves the movement of sodium and potassium ions across the neuron's membrane at specific points.

Definition: An action potential describes the movement of sodium and potassium ions at a single point on the neuron's membrane.

The process of an action potential can be broken down into several stages:

  1. Resting Potential: In a resting neuron, there is a polarized state due to the active transport of sodium and potassium ions. This creates a charge difference known as the resting potential. Highlight: The resting potential is characterized by more positive charge on the outside of the membrane compared to the inside, with a higher concentration of sodium ions on the exterior.
  2. Depolarization: The depolarization process in nerve impulses begins when: Sodium channels open in response to a stimulus. Sodium ions diffuse into the neuron. If enough sodium enters to reach the threshold, additional voltage-sensitive sodium gates open, allowing more sodium to enter. Vocabulary: Depolarization refers to the reduction of the membrane potential, making the inside of the neuron less negative.
  3. Repolarization: The repolarization of axon during nerve signal transmission occurs when: Sodium channels close. Voltage-sensitive potassium gated channels open. Potassium ions diffuse out of the neuron. This process restores the negative charge inside the axon. Example: During repolarization, the outflow of potassium ions is like opening a dam, allowing positive charges to flow out and restore the original electrical state of the neuron.

Understanding this process is crucial for comprehending how nerve impulses travel along neurons as a series of action potentials, enabling the transmission of signals throughout the nervous system.

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