- Alleles are variations of genes that code for different traits
- Dominant alleles are always expressed, while recessive alleles are only expressed in the absence of a dominant allele
- The genotype determines an organism's genetic composition, while the phenotype is the observable characteristics
- Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants demonstrated principles of monohybrid Mendelian inheritance
- Understanding genetics is crucial in fields such as medicine, agriculture, and evolutionary biology
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