Subjects
Maths
Chemistry
Biology
English Language
History
Responding to change (a2 only)
Infection and response
Homeostasis and response
Energy transfers (a2 only)
Cell biology
Organisms respond to changes in their internal and external environments (a-level only)
Biological molecules
Organisation
Substance exchange
Bioenergetics
Genetic information & variation
Inheritance, variation and evolution
Genetics & ecosystems (a2 only)
Ecology
Cells
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Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
The cold war
Inter-war germany
Medieval period: 1066 -1509
2d religious conflict and the church in england, c1529-c1570
2o democracy and nazism: germany, 1918-1945
1f industrialisation and the people: britain, c1783-1885
1c the tudors: england, 1485-1603
2m wars and welfare: britain in transition, 1906-1957
World war two & the holocaust
2n revolution and dictatorship: russia, 1917-1953
2s the making of modern britain, 1951-2007
World war one
Britain: 1509 -1745
Show all topics
Biology
7 Dec 2025
786
3 pages
essie @academia_angel
Every living thing is made up of tiny building blocks called cells, but not all cells are the... Show more
You'll encounter two major types of cells in biology prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. The key difference is simple - prokaryotic cells (found in bacteria) don't have a nucleus, whilst eukaryotic cells (found in plants and animals) do have one.
Think of the nucleus as the cell's control centre. Animal cells are eukaryotic and contain five main features cytoplasm, nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria, and ribosomes.
Plant cells are also eukaryotic but have three extra features that animal cells don't a cell wall, permanent vacuole, and chloroplasts. These extra parts help plants do things animals can't, like make their own food!
Quick Tip Remember that plant cells have everything animal cells have, plus three extra features - they're like animal cells with bonus equipment!
Each part of a cell has a specific job, like workers in a factory. The cytoplasm is a jelly-like material where most chemical reactions happen - think of it as the cell's workspace.
The nucleus contains genetic material and controls everything the cell does. The cell membrane acts like a security guard, deciding what can enter or leave the cell.
Mitochondria are the cell's power stations, releasing energy through respiration. Ribosomes are tiny protein-making machines. In plants, chloroplasts contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis, and the cell wall provides extra strength and shape.
Memory Trick Think of mitochondria as tiny batteries - they power everything the cell does!
Bacterial cells are much simpler than plant and animal cells because they're prokaryotic. Instead of having a proper nucleus, they have free-floating DNA that looks like a single strand or small rings called plasmids.
These cells don't have chloroplasts or mitochondria either. They manage with just the basics cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, and sometimes a flagellum .
Even though prokaryotic cells seem simple, they're incredibly successful - bacteria are found everywhere on Earth! They prove that you don't always need complicated parts to survive and thrive.
Fun Fact Bacteria have been around for billions of years longer than plants and animals - sometimes simple really is better!
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Explore key concepts in cellular biology, including cell types, transport mechanisms, osmosis, and cell specialization. This summary covers essential topics for AQA Biology Paper 1, focusing on the structure and function of human and plant cells, disease prevention, and the role of microorganisms. Ideal for students preparing for exams.
BiologyExplore essential concepts in GCSE Biology with this comprehensive overview of cell structure, microscopy techniques, and transport mechanisms including diffusion, osmosis, and active transport. Ideal for students preparing for exams, this resource includes diagrams and key definitions to enhance understanding.
BiologyExplore key concepts in cell biology, including specialized exchange surfaces, diffusion, osmosis, and active transport. This summary covers essential adaptations for efficient substance exchange in multicellular organisms, cell division, and the structure of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Ideal for AQA Combined Science (Higher Tier) revision.
BiologyExplore essential strategies for tackling extended response questions in National 5 Biology. This resource covers key concepts such as cellular transport, fermentation processes, and human body systems, providing insights into effective answering techniques. Ideal for students preparing for exams, this summary includes past paper questions and marking schemes to enhance understanding and performance.
BiologyExplore key concepts in cell biology, including microscopy techniques, bacterial growth, mitosis, stem cells, and transport mechanisms like diffusion and osmosis. This summary covers essential practicals and theoretical knowledge for AQA Biology, perfect for exam preparation.
BiologyQuotes from every main character
English LiteratureApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
essie
@academia_angel
Every living thing is made up of tiny building blocks called cells, but not all cells are the same! There are two main types of cells that work in completely different ways, and understanding them will help you make sense... Show more
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Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
You'll encounter two major types of cells in biology: prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. The key difference is simple - prokaryotic cells (found in bacteria) don't have a nucleus, whilst eukaryotic cells (found in plants and animals) do have one.
Think of the nucleus as the cell's control centre. Animal cells are eukaryotic and contain five main features: cytoplasm, nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria, and ribosomes.
Plant cells are also eukaryotic but have three extra features that animal cells don't: a cell wall, permanent vacuole, and chloroplasts. These extra parts help plants do things animals can't, like make their own food!
Quick Tip: Remember that plant cells have everything animal cells have, plus three extra features - they're like animal cells with bonus equipment!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Each part of a cell has a specific job, like workers in a factory. The cytoplasm is a jelly-like material where most chemical reactions happen - think of it as the cell's workspace.
The nucleus contains genetic material and controls everything the cell does. The cell membrane acts like a security guard, deciding what can enter or leave the cell.
Mitochondria are the cell's power stations, releasing energy through respiration. Ribosomes are tiny protein-making machines. In plants, chloroplasts contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis, and the cell wall provides extra strength and shape.
Memory Trick: Think of mitochondria as tiny batteries - they power everything the cell does!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Bacterial cells are much simpler than plant and animal cells because they're prokaryotic. Instead of having a proper nucleus, they have free-floating DNA that looks like a single strand or small rings called plasmids.
These cells don't have chloroplasts or mitochondria either. They manage with just the basics: cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, and sometimes a flagellum .
Even though prokaryotic cells seem simple, they're incredibly successful - bacteria are found everywhere on Earth! They prove that you don't always need complicated parts to survive and thrive.
Fun Fact: Bacteria have been around for billions of years longer than plants and animals - sometimes simple really is better!
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
11
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Explore key concepts in cellular biology, including cell types, transport mechanisms, osmosis, and cell specialization. This summary covers essential topics for AQA Biology Paper 1, focusing on the structure and function of human and plant cells, disease prevention, and the role of microorganisms. Ideal for students preparing for exams.
BiologyExplore essential concepts in GCSE Biology with this comprehensive overview of cell structure, microscopy techniques, and transport mechanisms including diffusion, osmosis, and active transport. Ideal for students preparing for exams, this resource includes diagrams and key definitions to enhance understanding.
BiologyExplore key concepts in cell biology, including specialized exchange surfaces, diffusion, osmosis, and active transport. This summary covers essential adaptations for efficient substance exchange in multicellular organisms, cell division, and the structure of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Ideal for AQA Combined Science (Higher Tier) revision.
BiologyExplore essential strategies for tackling extended response questions in National 5 Biology. This resource covers key concepts such as cellular transport, fermentation processes, and human body systems, providing insights into effective answering techniques. Ideal for students preparing for exams, this summary includes past paper questions and marking schemes to enhance understanding and performance.
BiologyExplore key concepts in cell biology, including microscopy techniques, bacterial growth, mitosis, stem cells, and transport mechanisms like diffusion and osmosis. This summary covers essential practicals and theoretical knowledge for AQA Biology, perfect for exam preparation.
BiologyQuotes from every main character
English LiteratureApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Sociology