Genetic Engineering Applications
Genetic engineering is revolutionising how we approach problems in agriculture and medicine by allowing scientists to transfer genes between completely different species. This technology works by using enzymes to cut out specific genes and insert them into vectors like bacterial plasmids.
In agriculture, GM crops can resist pests, survive droughts, and produce higher yields. Golden Rice, engineered to contain more vitamin A, could prevent blindness in developing countries. However, concerns exist about unknown health effects, ecosystem disruption, and corporate control over farmers.
Medical applications include producing human insulin in bacteria, developing gene therapies for inherited disorders, and potentially growing organs for transplants. The production of human insulin through genetic engineering has made diabetes treatment safer and more affordable worldwide.
Balance Point: Whilst genetic engineering offers incredible benefits, concerns about long-term effects, ethics around 'designer babies', and unequal access to treatments remain important considerations.