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gas exchange in lungs
04/04/2023
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LUNGS & GAS-EXCHANGE larynx right lung right. bonchus intercostal muscles alveoli. pleyral cavity pleural membrane diaphragm Name Tranchea Nasal Cavity | Structure/Tissue present. Function • Rings of cartilage • Goblet cells • Cillated Epithelium Prevent irretation Hairs and infection in lungs • Trap pathogens •Prevent water loss. 1• Lots of aircan entre • Directs air to left & right lobes of lungs •Constrict /dilate to control air flow short diffusion path •Passive recoil with. Bronchioles (imm in diameter) L>Gas exchange surfaces are moist to aid diffusion by oxygen dissolving ・left lung left wuchs Ventilation causes this water to readily evaporate bronchides• Gas exchange systems adapt to efficiently gas exchange without lossing to much water. Tiny air sacs. Main site of gas -heart rib Alveoli boxygenated 17 blood ● Alveoli (300-500 M in an adult) (200-300m in diamete trachea Reduces evap- • Big Surface Avea Left & Right • Large cartilage lining Bronchus ● • Moist surface = oration passage way Smooth muscle •Stop collapse due to pressure. Produce mucus -> Trap pathogens •Squamous Epithelial cells 1•Elastic tissUp expiration Diffussion = Surface Area x Difference in concentration rate Thickness of Exchange Surface Inspiration process • Diaphram moves down ● External intercostal Muscles move up & out • Thoracic Volume increases • Thoracic Pressure decreases • Air flows into lungs to equalise the pressure difference ● Expiration • Diaphragm moves up External intercostal Muscles move down and in 2 contracts • Thoracic Volume decreases • Thoracic Pressure increases • Air flows out of lungs to equalise pressure difference deaxygenated Pulmonary Venule (Carrying Oxygenated Blood) Pulmonary: Arteriole (Carrying Deoxygenated conternal intercostal muscles Blood) Alveolar Sac -Bronchiole Pores of Kohn Alveolar Duct Alveoli Pulmonary Capillaries Surrounding the Alviole Glucose + oxygen → carbon + water + Enerty dioxide C6H12O6 +60₂6CO2 + 6H₂O+ATP Aerobic Respiration ADAPTATIONS Large surface area Maintain a high concen- tration gradient Thin exchange surface High concentration gradient is created by...
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Alternative transcript:
good blood supply, Surfaces are well ventilated Air moving in & out as a result of change in pressure in the thorax -Cillia Goblet cells cilliated Epithelial Alles Cells Goblet Cells = lining in airways & secretes mucks to trap microorganisms -- lining the airway cells. Takes mucus towards the throat from alveoli → Prevents lung infections Cillia away = Elastic Fibres Help with breating out fibres recoil to push air out when exhaling L> In the walls of the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli Smooth Muscle Controls diameter of walls L> In trachea, bronchi and bronchioles -→-> ↳> Relaxs during exercise → So the tubes can expand →→ less resistance to air flow → Air moves in & out easily Rings of cartilage - Provides support for the walls of tranchea & bronchi. ↳ • Stops them from collapsing while breathing in. During an ASTHMA ATTACK!! • Cells lining the bronchioles release histamines • Chemicles that make the epithelial cells become inflamed & savollen. • Histamines stimulates goblet cells to excess mucus & Smooth muscle in bronchiole walls contract • Tight narrow airway with mucus • Pust • Cigarette smoke •Pollen •Stress treatments ♡♡ • Relievers -> Altach to active sites on surface membranes of smooth muscle cells in bronchioles -> Relaxing and dilating the airways • Preventers (steroids)-> Reduces sessitivity of the living of airways In the first breath the lungs strech and elastic tissue never retures to original lenght lung surfactants (chemical)- stops alveoli from sticking together while exhalling 2> Prevents lung damage and enables babies to survive. surfactant Pleural Cavity: Space between two pleural membrane Filled with pleural fluid Pleural fluid lubricates the lings = ↳ Adheres to the outer walls of lungs to thoracic cavity by water cohesion →lungs expand with chest while breathing