Maths
Chemistry
Biology
English Language
History
Responding to change (a2 only)
Infection and response
Homeostasis and response
Energy transfers (a2 only)
Cell biology
Organisms respond to changes in their internal and external environments (a-level only)
Biological molecules
Organisation
Substance exchange
Bioenergetics
Genetic information & variation
Inheritance, variation and evolution
Genetics & ecosystems (a2 only)
Ecology
Cells
Show all topics
Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
The cold war
Inter-war germany
Medieval period: 1066 -1509
2d religious conflict and the church in england, c1529-c1570
2o democracy and nazism: germany, 1918-1945
1f industrialisation and the people: britain, c1783-1885
1c the tudors: england, 1485-1603
2m wars and welfare: britain in transition, 1906-1957
World war two & the holocaust
2n revolution and dictatorship: russia, 1917-1953
2s the making of modern britain, 1951-2007
World war one
Britain: 1509 -1745
Show all topics
Biology
29 Nov 2025
36
1 page
e @uwu_fpjs
Your body runs on an incredible network of chemical messengers called the endocrine system. Think of it as... Show more
The pituitary gland sits at the top of this hormonal hierarchy, earning its nickname as the "master gland." Located at the base of your brain, it's split into two crucial parts that control nearly every other hormone-producing gland in your body.
The anterior pituitary is your growth and development headquarters. Growth hormone (GH) drives those teenage growth spurts you experience, whilst prolactin prepares mothers for breastfeeding. Meanwhile, TSH, FSH, LH, and ACTH act like bosses, telling your thyroid, reproductive organs, and adrenal glands when to release their own hormones.
The posterior pituitary handles two vital functions. Oxytocin triggers labour contractions during childbirth, whilst ADH (antidiuretic hormone) prevents you from becoming dehydrated by making your kidneys hold onto water.
Your reproductive organs produce the hormones that shape your physical development. In males, testosterone from the testes develops masculine features and sperm production. In females, oestrogen and progesterone from the ovaries control feminine characteristics and prepare the body for potential pregnancy.
Remember Each hormone has a specific target and function - they're not randomly floating about!
The pineal gland produces melatonin, which regulates your sleep-wake cycle. That's why you feel drowsy when it gets dark and more alert during daylight hours.
Your thyroid gland acts as your body's metabolic thermostat. T3 and T4 hormones speed up or slow down your metabolism, whilst calcitonin lowers blood calcium levels. The tiny parathyroid glands do the opposite, releasing PTH to increase calcium levels - essential for strong bones and proper muscle function.
The thymus gland produces thymosin, which helps develop your immune system's T-cells. Your adrenal glands have two parts the cortex releases aldosterone (controlling sodium levels) and cortisol (raising blood glucose during stress), whilst the medulla pumps out adrenaline for that fight-or-flight response.
Finally, your pancreas maintains blood sugar balance through two opposing hormones insulin (lowers glucose) and glucagon (raises glucose). This delicate balance keeps your energy levels steady throughout the day.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
2
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Explore the key concepts of hormonal regulation and homeostasis in the human body. This summary covers the roles of various hormones, including estrogen, testosterone, and insulin, in maintaining internal balance through negative feedback mechanisms. Ideal for students studying the endocrine system and its impact on biological processes.
BiologyExplore the key functions and components of the endocrine system, including major glands like the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands. Understand hormone regulation, the role of insulin and glucagon in blood sugar control, and the impact of hormones on growth, metabolism, and reproduction. This summary provides essential insights for GCSE Biology students.
BiologyExplore the mechanisms of blood glucose regulation, focusing on the roles of insulin and glucagon produced by the pancreas. This summary covers how these hormones maintain normal blood sugar levels, the processes involved in storing and releasing glucose, and their significance in conditions like diabetes. Ideal for students studying human hormones and hormonal control.
BiologyExplore the key concepts of homeostasis, hormonal control, and the menstrual cycle in this comprehensive study resource. Understand the roles of the nervous and endocrine systems, blood glucose regulation, and various contraception methods. Ideal for GCSE Combined Science students preparing for exams.
BiologyExplore key concepts in homeostasis and hormonal regulation, including the nervous and endocrine systems, hormonal contraception, diabetes management, IVF, and the menstrual cycle. This comprehensive summary is essential for AQA Combined Science Higher Biology, covering vital topics like negative feedback mechanisms and fertility treatments.
BiologyExplore the essential mechanisms of homeostasis, including the regulation of internal conditions, enzyme functioning, and the role of negative feedback loops. This summary covers how control systems and receptors work together to maintain optimal body conditions, ensuring metabolic reactions function effectively. Ideal for students studying biology and physiology.
BiologyApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
e
@uwu_fpjs
Your body runs on an incredible network of chemical messengers called the endocrine system. Think of it as your body's internal communication system, where different glands release hormones to control everything from your growth spurts to your stress responses.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The pituitary gland sits at the top of this hormonal hierarchy, earning its nickname as the "master gland." Located at the base of your brain, it's split into two crucial parts that control nearly every other hormone-producing gland in your body.
The anterior pituitary is your growth and development headquarters. Growth hormone (GH) drives those teenage growth spurts you experience, whilst prolactin prepares mothers for breastfeeding. Meanwhile, TSH, FSH, LH, and ACTH act like bosses, telling your thyroid, reproductive organs, and adrenal glands when to release their own hormones.
The posterior pituitary handles two vital functions. Oxytocin triggers labour contractions during childbirth, whilst ADH (antidiuretic hormone) prevents you from becoming dehydrated by making your kidneys hold onto water.
Your reproductive organs produce the hormones that shape your physical development. In males, testosterone from the testes develops masculine features and sperm production. In females, oestrogen and progesterone from the ovaries control feminine characteristics and prepare the body for potential pregnancy.
Remember: Each hormone has a specific target and function - they're not randomly floating about!
The pineal gland produces melatonin, which regulates your sleep-wake cycle. That's why you feel drowsy when it gets dark and more alert during daylight hours.
Your thyroid gland acts as your body's metabolic thermostat. T3 and T4 hormones speed up or slow down your metabolism, whilst calcitonin lowers blood calcium levels. The tiny parathyroid glands do the opposite, releasing PTH to increase calcium levels - essential for strong bones and proper muscle function.
The thymus gland produces thymosin, which helps develop your immune system's T-cells. Your adrenal glands have two parts: the cortex releases aldosterone (controlling sodium levels) and cortisol (raising blood glucose during stress), whilst the medulla pumps out adrenaline for that fight-or-flight response.
Finally, your pancreas maintains blood sugar balance through two opposing hormones: insulin (lowers glucose) and glucagon (raises glucose). This delicate balance keeps your energy levels steady throughout the day.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
2
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Explore the key concepts of hormonal regulation and homeostasis in the human body. This summary covers the roles of various hormones, including estrogen, testosterone, and insulin, in maintaining internal balance through negative feedback mechanisms. Ideal for students studying the endocrine system and its impact on biological processes.
BiologyExplore the key functions and components of the endocrine system, including major glands like the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands. Understand hormone regulation, the role of insulin and glucagon in blood sugar control, and the impact of hormones on growth, metabolism, and reproduction. This summary provides essential insights for GCSE Biology students.
BiologyExplore the mechanisms of blood glucose regulation, focusing on the roles of insulin and glucagon produced by the pancreas. This summary covers how these hormones maintain normal blood sugar levels, the processes involved in storing and releasing glucose, and their significance in conditions like diabetes. Ideal for students studying human hormones and hormonal control.
BiologyExplore the key concepts of homeostasis, hormonal control, and the menstrual cycle in this comprehensive study resource. Understand the roles of the nervous and endocrine systems, blood glucose regulation, and various contraception methods. Ideal for GCSE Combined Science students preparing for exams.
BiologyExplore key concepts in homeostasis and hormonal regulation, including the nervous and endocrine systems, hormonal contraception, diabetes management, IVF, and the menstrual cycle. This comprehensive summary is essential for AQA Combined Science Higher Biology, covering vital topics like negative feedback mechanisms and fertility treatments.
BiologyExplore the essential mechanisms of homeostasis, including the regulation of internal conditions, enzyme functioning, and the role of negative feedback loops. This summary covers how control systems and receptors work together to maintain optimal body conditions, ensuring metabolic reactions function effectively. Ideal for students studying biology and physiology.
BiologyApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Sociology