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Cell biology
Biological molecules
Organisation
Infection and response
Energy transfers (a2 only)
Homeostasis and response
Responding to change (a2 only)
The control of gene expression (a-level only)
Substance exchange
Bioenergetics
Genetic information & variation
Inheritance, variation and evolution
Genetics & ecosystems (a2 only)
Ecology
Cells
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1c the tudors: england, 1485-1603
1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
Inter-war germany
1f industrialisation and the people: britain, c1783-1885
Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
2n revolution and dictatorship: russia, 1917-1953
2j america: a nation divided, c1845-1877
The cold war
World war two & the holocaust
World war one
Medieval period: 1066 -1509
The fight for female suffrage
2m wars and welfare: britain in transition, 1906-1957
2d religious conflict and the church in england, c1529-c1570
Britain: 1509 -1745
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09/04/2023
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Enzyme Amylase Protease Lipases Ra te OF enz ym e ac tivi ty Sites of production salivary glands pancreas small intestine stomach pancreas small intestine Pancreas small intestine LOCK and key model 1 The enzymes active site is a specific shape 2 the enzyme( the lock) will only catalyse a specific reaction because the substrate(the key) fits into it's active site 3 At The active site, enzymes can break molecules down into smaller or bind small molecules together to form larger ones 4 when the products have been released the enzymes active site can accept Another substrate molecule. Factors affecting enzymes: Enzymes Enzymes are large proteins that catalyse reactions. Enzymes are not changed in the reactions they catalyse. optimum temperature Temperature At lower temperature = Fewer successful collisions Enzymes+ substrates have less kinetic energy Digestive Enzymes = low activity = less substrate turned into product Attemp above optimum/more collisions Lipids → Fatty acids and glycerol Active site being deformed by higher temperature = number of successful collisions decreases (substrate + active site no longer complementary) All enzymes denatured = no activity Reaction catalysed starch →glucose Protein → amino acids Increasing temperature: More successful collisions Enzymes+ substrate have more kinetic energy = more substrate turned into product Enzyme Enzyme Enzyme Active Site substrate Inewrowy →>> substrate fits Into enzyme →>> Products realesed
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