A comprehensive guide to eukaryotic cell structure and function,... Show more
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Liza Saiyad
09/10/2025
Biology
Cells
338
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9 Oct 2025
•
What Makes Eukaryotic Cells Special? Discover Their Parts and How They Help Plants Make Food!
Liza Saiyad
@liza_saiyad
1 / 7
Cell Types and Basic Structure
This section compares the basic structure of plant and animal cells, highlighting their key components and differences.
Example: Animal cells contain mitochondria, ribosomes, nucleus, and cytoplasm, while plant cells additionally have cell walls, chloroplasts, and large vacuoles.
Highlight: Plant cells are distinguished by their rigid cell wall and presence of chloroplasts for photosynthesis.
The page provides detailed illustrations of both cell types, emphasizing their structural differences and specialized components.
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell Comparison
This page details the fundamental differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, with special attention to cellular components and specialized structures.
Definition: Prokaryotes are simpler organisms without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotes have a nucleus and various membrane-bound organelles.
Highlight: Chloroplasts are crucial for photosynthesis, containing thylakoids arranged in grana to maximize light absorption.
Vocabulary: Xylem vessels contain pores in their cell walls to facilitate water transport.
Cell Membrane and Wall Structure
This section focuses on the cellular boundaries and transport structures.
Definition: The cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer with proteins that regulates material movement into and out of the cell.
Example: Plasmodesmata are channels between plant cells that enable intercellular communication and transport.
Highlight: The cell wall provides structural support and protection while preventing cell bursting from osmotic pressure.
Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Components
This page examines the nucleus and various cytoplasmic organelles.
Definition: The nucleus is the largest organelle, containing genetic material and controlling cell activities through its nuclear envelope with pores.
Vocabulary: Nucleolus is a dense structure within the nucleus responsible for rRNA and ribosome production.
Highlight: Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, containing cristae for efficient aerobic respiration.
Cellular Transport and Protein Synthesis
This section details the cellular components involved in protein synthesis and transport.
Definition: The Golgi apparatus processes and packages proteins for transport within and outside the cell.
Vocabulary: Rough ER contains ribosomes for protein synthesis, while smooth ER handles lipids and carbohydrates.
Highlight: Vesicles are essential for intracellular transport of materials and protein secretion.
Bacterial Cell Structure
The final page focuses on bacterial cell structure and classification.
Definition: Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria are distinguished by their cell wall composition and reaction to staining.
Highlight: The presence or absence of specific cell wall components determines bacterial classification and antibiotic susceptibility.
Example: The gram staining technique helps identify bacterial types based on their cell wall characteristics.
Understanding Cell Structure and Organization
This page introduces fundamental concepts of cellular biology and organization. The cellular hierarchy progresses from individual cells to complex organisms through various levels of organization.
Definition: Cell Theory states that all life is composed of cells, cells arise from other cells through division, and cells contain genetic information for growth.
Highlight: Cell differentiation is crucial for specialized function development from stem cells.
Vocabulary: Genes are sections of DNA that code for specific proteins.
Essential components present in all cells include cytoplasm, DNA, ribosomes, and plasma membrane. Tissues are formed by groups of specialized cells working together for specific functions.
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
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This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
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Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
What Makes Eukaryotic Cells Special? Discover Their Parts and How They Help Plants Make Food!
Liza Saiyad
@liza_saiyad
A comprehensive guide to eukaryotic cell structure and function, exploring cellular organization from basic components to complex systems, including detailed examination of organelles and their roles in cellular processes.
- Cell theory establishes that all life is composed of cells,... Show more
Cell Types and Basic Structure
This section compares the basic structure of plant and animal cells, highlighting their key components and differences.
Example: Animal cells contain mitochondria, ribosomes, nucleus, and cytoplasm, while plant cells additionally have cell walls, chloroplasts, and large vacuoles.
Highlight: Plant cells are distinguished by their rigid cell wall and presence of chloroplasts for photosynthesis.
The page provides detailed illustrations of both cell types, emphasizing their structural differences and specialized components.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell Comparison
This page details the fundamental differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, with special attention to cellular components and specialized structures.
Definition: Prokaryotes are simpler organisms without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotes have a nucleus and various membrane-bound organelles.
Highlight: Chloroplasts are crucial for photosynthesis, containing thylakoids arranged in grana to maximize light absorption.
Vocabulary: Xylem vessels contain pores in their cell walls to facilitate water transport.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
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By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Cell Membrane and Wall Structure
This section focuses on the cellular boundaries and transport structures.
Definition: The cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer with proteins that regulates material movement into and out of the cell.
Example: Plasmodesmata are channels between plant cells that enable intercellular communication and transport.
Highlight: The cell wall provides structural support and protection while preventing cell bursting from osmotic pressure.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Improve your grades
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By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Components
This page examines the nucleus and various cytoplasmic organelles.
Definition: The nucleus is the largest organelle, containing genetic material and controlling cell activities through its nuclear envelope with pores.
Vocabulary: Nucleolus is a dense structure within the nucleus responsible for rRNA and ribosome production.
Highlight: Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, containing cristae for efficient aerobic respiration.
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Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Cellular Transport and Protein Synthesis
This section details the cellular components involved in protein synthesis and transport.
Definition: The Golgi apparatus processes and packages proteins for transport within and outside the cell.
Vocabulary: Rough ER contains ribosomes for protein synthesis, while smooth ER handles lipids and carbohydrates.
Highlight: Vesicles are essential for intracellular transport of materials and protein secretion.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
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Bacterial Cell Structure
The final page focuses on bacterial cell structure and classification.
Definition: Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria are distinguished by their cell wall composition and reaction to staining.
Highlight: The presence or absence of specific cell wall components determines bacterial classification and antibiotic susceptibility.
Example: The gram staining technique helps identify bacterial types based on their cell wall characteristics.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Understanding Cell Structure and Organization
This page introduces fundamental concepts of cellular biology and organization. The cellular hierarchy progresses from individual cells to complex organisms through various levels of organization.
Definition: Cell Theory states that all life is composed of cells, cells arise from other cells through division, and cells contain genetic information for growth.
Highlight: Cell differentiation is crucial for specialized function development from stem cells.
Vocabulary: Genes are sections of DNA that code for specific proteins.
Essential components present in all cells include cytoplasm, DNA, ribosomes, and plasma membrane. Tissues are formed by groups of specialized cells working together for specific functions.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user