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Cell Membrane & Types of Diffusion | A-Level Biology| All Exam Boards- OCR, Edexcel, AQA
03/12/2022
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BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES- PLASMA MEMBRANE STRUCTURES & DIFFUSION.. 2««««««« {{{}}{} Hydrophobic fatty Acid Tails -face inwards and repel charged/polar and large molecules (non-polar) Hydrophyllic Phosphate Heads-face Outwards (polar) SIMPLE (LIPID) DIFFUSION- Cholesterol-regulates membrane fluidity by binding phospholipid tails together -The movement of substances into a cell through the phospholipid Glycolipid 2000 bi 45 45 45 45 - Only small /non-polar /non-charged/ {}}}}}}} lipid Soluble molecules can use Simple diffusion. (e.g. O₂, H₂O, CO₂. -This progesterone, oestrogen). process goes DOWN a concentration gradient. - This is a passive process (no energy is required). -regulates membrane Stability and allow cell-cell Signalling SE $8848 55 {}{{}}{ Receptor Site 0.0⁰09 17 88 45 {{³}} Carrier (Channel) Protein -allows the passage of Substances through membrane for facilitated diffusion FACILITATED DIFFUSION- Glycoprotein - act as receptors for cell-cell signalling a a a a d n a 55 55 55 55 88 37-55 38 ܐܐܐܐ \Protein -e.g. enzyme hoog {}}{} }} m Closed Carrier Protein. used in active transport - The movement of Substances into a cell using a channel protein. - Allows the passage of large / Charged/polar molecules. {}(e.g. glucose, K¹ ions, Nations). -This process goes Down a concentration gradient. -This process is passive (no energy required). ALL EXAM BOARDS! Phospholipid Bilayer ACTIVE TRANSPORT- - This is the movement of substances through a membrane using a trans-membrane pump. - Protein (carrier protein) is different. Shape for each molecule diffusing. *** -This process is active (energy required as ATP) as proteins change Shape for particular substances. (e.g. ions in muscles, liver and root hair cells). --Goes against a concentration gradient
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