Subjects

Biology

Organisation

Animal organisation - gaseous exchange systems

Breathing

CCEA GCSE Biology: Breathing and Respiration Study Guide

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CCEA GCSE Biology: Breathing and Respiration Study Guide

eva marshall

@evamarshall_

5 Followers

The respiratory system GCSE content covers the structure and function of the respiratory system, including the mechanisms of breathing and the process of respiration. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of key concepts in CCEA GCSE Biology related to respiration and breathing.

Key points:
• Detailed anatomy and functions of respiratory system parts
• Mechanics of breathing including inspiration and expiration
• Aerobic and anaerobic respiration processes
• Factors affecting respiration and energy production

25/05/2023

211

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muscle.
rib
internal intercostal
muscle
alveoly
Lall
pleural
membrane,
pleural
fluid
heart
·larynix.
rings of
cartalige

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Mechanics of Breathing

This page illustrates the mechanics of breathing, focusing on inspiration (breathing in) and expiration (breathing out) in GCSE Biology lungs.

During inspiration:

The diaphragm flattens
Intercostal muscles contract
Lung volume increases
Air pressure in lungs decreases
Air moves into the lungs

During expiration:

The diaphragm becomes dome-shaped
Intercostal muscles relax
Lung volume decreases
Air pressure in lungs increases
Air moves out of the lungs

Example: The mechanics of breathing can be modeled using a bell jar with balloons. When the rubber sheet (diaphragm) is pulled down, the balloons (lungs) inflate as air rushes in, simulating inspiration.

Definition: Inspiration is the process of breathing in, where air is drawn into the lungs due to a decrease in pressure caused by an increase in lung volume.

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Respiration Processes

This page covers the key processes of aerobic and anaerobic respiration, which are crucial topics in CCEA GCSE Biology.

Aerobic respiration:

Requires oxygen
Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy
Occurs in mitochondria
Releases more energy
Can continue indefinitely

Anaerobic respiration:

Does not require oxygen
In muscles: Glucose → Lactic acid + Energy
In yeast (fermentation): Glucose → Alcohol + Carbon dioxide + Energy
Occurs in cytoplasm
Releases less energy
Cannot continue for long periods

Highlight: Understanding the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration is crucial for GCSE Biology lungs exam questions.

Vocabulary: Fermentation - The anaerobic respiration process in yeast that produces alcohol and carbon dioxide.

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Respiratory System Structure and Function

This page provides an overview of the key structures in the respiratory system GCSE curriculum and their functions. The respiratory system is responsible for gas exchange in the body.

Key respiratory structures and their functions include:

Nasal cavity: Warms, moistens and filters air
Trachea (windpipe): Allows air into lungs, supported by cartilage rings
Bronchi: Two main branches from trachea into each lung
Bronchioles: Smaller tubes branching from bronchi
Alveoli: Air sacs where gas exchange occurs
Diaphragm: Large muscle sheet below lungs for breathing
Ribs: Protective cage around heart and lungs
Pleural membranes: Produce lubricating fluid for lung movement
Intercostal muscles: Contract and relax to move ribs during breathing

Vocabulary: Alveoli - Tiny air sacs at the end of bronchioles where gas exchange takes place between the air and blood.

Highlight: The pleural membranes and fluid are crucial for allowing smooth lung movement during breathing.

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Subjects

Biology

Organisation

Animal organisation - gaseous exchange systems

Breathing

CCEA GCSE Biology: Breathing and Respiration Study Guide

eva marshall

@evamarshall_

5 Followers

25/05/2023

211

Biology

Mechanics of Breathing

This page illustrates the mechanics of breathing, focusing on inspiration (breathing in) and expiration (breathing out) in GCSE Biology lungs.

During inspiration:

The diaphragm flattens
Intercostal muscles contract
Lung volume increases
Air pressure in lungs decreases
Air moves into the lungs

During expiration:

The diaphragm becomes dome-shaped
Intercostal muscles relax
Lung volume decreases
Air pressure in lungs increases
Air moves out of the lungs

Example: The mechanics of breathing can be modeled using a bell jar with balloons. When the rubber sheet (diaphragm) is pulled down, the balloons (lungs) inflate as air rushes in, simulating inspiration.

Definition: Inspiration is the process of breathing in, where air is drawn into the lungs due to a decrease in pressure caused by an increase in lung volume.

Respiration Processes

This page covers the key processes of aerobic and anaerobic respiration, which are crucial topics in CCEA GCSE Biology.

Aerobic respiration:

Requires oxygen
Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy
Occurs in mitochondria
Releases more energy
Can continue indefinitely

Anaerobic respiration:

Does not require oxygen
In muscles: Glucose → Lactic acid + Energy
In yeast (fermentation): Glucose → Alcohol + Carbon dioxide + Energy
Occurs in cytoplasm
Releases less energy
Cannot continue for long periods

Highlight: Understanding the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration is crucial for GCSE Biology lungs exam questions.

Vocabulary: Fermentation - The anaerobic respiration process in yeast that produces alcohol and carbon dioxide.

Respiratory System Structure and Function

This page provides an overview of the key structures in the respiratory system GCSE curriculum and their functions. The respiratory system is responsible for gas exchange in the body.

Key respiratory structures and their functions include: