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Infection and response
Organisation
Cell biology
Biological molecules
Homeostasis and response
Responding to change (a2 only)
Energy transfers (a2 only)
The control of gene expression (a-level only)
Substance exchange
Bioenergetics
Genetic information & variation
Inheritance, variation and evolution
Genetics & ecosystems (a2 only)
Ecology
Cells
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1f industrialisation and the people: britain, c1783-1885
1c the tudors: england, 1485-1603
Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
Inter-war germany
World war one
2n revolution and dictatorship: russia, 1917-1953
World war two & the holocaust
1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
The cold war
2j america: a nation divided, c1845-1877
Medieval period: 1066 -1509
The fight for female suffrage
2m wars and welfare: britain in transition, 1906-1957
2d religious conflict and the church in england, c1529-c1570
Britain: 1509 -1745
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01/04/2023
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BIOLOGY - cancer, B3 CANCER -uncontrolled growth of cells that form a lump called a tumor. Type Of Tumor Ben ign Characteristics grows slowlly, usually in the membrane so can be easily removed, does not spread to other parts of the body. Malignant - Grows quickly, invades fissules (healthy group of celis) close by, eventually cancer cells are able to detach and form secondary tumors this is called metastasis. WHAT CAUSES CANCER? There are genetic and chemica! factors that cause cancer The chemical ones are called carinogens lifestyle factors that can cause cancer a cells becomes cancerous when it begins to grow and divide e body. uncontrollably without the feeding them. a group of cancerous cells for a tumor. Smoking cigarettes. • alcohol intake 9 • exposure to UV radiation. Malignant tumors Spread to diff parts" of the body throughs blood 1 CARCINOGENS Cause cancer by damaging DNA, they cause. mutations (several are required. to cause cancer tho) which is why it is likely to get cancer as you're older Indusmal lenvironmental factor that can cause cancer. • exposure to chemical carcinogens • Exposure to radiation cionising benign tumors only. grout in one are a (the membrane) EXTRAS
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