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Bella
07/10/2025
Biology
Biology topic 5
686
•
7 Oct 2025
•
How Auxins Help Plants Grow and Tricks for Light and Gravity
Bella
@bella_2007
1 / 3
Human Reproductive Hormones and the Menstrual Cycle
The menstrual cycle is regulated by several hormones, including estrogen, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). Understanding these hormones is crucial for comprehending the hormonal contraceptives menstrual cycle relationship.
Estrogen, produced in the ovaries, is the main female reproductive hormone. It builds up the uterus wall during the menstrual cycle. Progesterone maintains the uterus wall. FSH causes egg maturation in the ovary, while LH stimulates egg release (ovulation).
Vocabulary: FSH stands for Follicle Stimulating Hormone, and LH stands for Luteinizing Hormone.
The menstrual cycle typically lasts 28 days: • Days 1-7: Menstruation (period) • Days 7-14: Preparation phase (estrogen builds up uterus wall) • Day 14: Ovulation (FSH matures egg, LH releases egg) • Days 14-28: Maintenance phase (progesterone maintains uterus wall)
Testosterone, produced in the testes, is the main male reproductive hormone. It stimulates sperm production and the development of secondary sex characteristics during puberty.
Highlight: During puberty, reproductive hormones cause secondary sex characteristics to develop in both males and females.
Contraception and Fertility Treatments
Contraceptives work by altering hormone levels or preventing fertilization/implantation. Understanding the hormonal contraceptives menstrual cycle interaction is crucial for effective contraception.
Types of contraceptives include:
- Hormonal methods (oral contraceptives, injections, implants, patches)
- Barrier methods (condoms, diaphragms)
- Intrauterine devices (IUDs)
- Spermicides
- Natural methods
- Surgical methods
Example: Oral contraceptives (daily pills) inhibit FSH production, preventing egg maturation and ovulation.
Fertility drugs and treatments: • FSH and LH can be administered to increase ovulation and chances of fertilization. • In vitro fertilization (IVF) involves administering FSH and LH, collecting matured eggs, fertilizing them in a lab, and implanting the embryo in the mother's womb.
Highlight: IVF can be emotionally and physically stressful, has a low success rate, and can lead to multiple births, which can be risky for both mother and babies.
The choice of contraceptive method depends on factors such as lifestyle, religion, and personal preferences.
Plant Hormones and Growth Responses
Plant hormones like auxins, gibberellins, and ethene regulate various aspects of plant growth and development. Auxins in plant growth regulation play a key role in phototropism and gravitropism.
Auxins are sensitive to light and accumulate on the shaded side of plant stems. This causes faster growth on that side, making the stem bend towards light in a process called phototropism. For gravitropism, auxins gather on the lower side of horizontal stems and roots due to gravity. In shoots, this stimulates growth on the lower side, causing upward bending. In roots, auxins inhibit growth, causing downward bending.
Definition: Phototropism is the growth response of plants to light, while gravitropism is the growth response to gravity.
Gibberellins stimulate seed germination and promote flowering and fruit growth. Ethene controls cell division and fruit ripening.
Example: Auxins are used in weed killers, rooting powders, and tissue culture. Gibberellins are used to end seed dormancy and increase fruit size.
Phototropism and gravitropism practical steps involve setting up experiments to observe plant responses:
- Use a petri dish with cotton wool and water
- Place seeds in different light conditions
- Measure growth and record results daily
- For gravitropism, turn the dish on its edge
Highlight: Results typically show taller growth in darker conditions as plants grow rapidly to reach sunlight.
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Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Biology
7 Oct 2025
686
3 pages
How Auxins Help Plants Grow and Tricks for Light and Gravity
Bella @bella_2007
Plant hormones and human reproductive hormones play crucial roles in regulating growth, development, and reproduction. This summary covers key concepts including auxins in plant growth regulation, hormonal contraceptives menstrual... Show more
Human Reproductive Hormones and the Menstrual Cycle
The menstrual cycle is regulated by several hormones, including estrogen, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). Understanding these hormones is crucial for comprehending the hormonal contraceptives menstrual cycle relationship.
Estrogen, produced in the ovaries, is the main female reproductive hormone. It builds up the uterus wall during the menstrual cycle. Progesterone maintains the uterus wall. FSH causes egg maturation in the ovary, while LH stimulates egg release (ovulation).
Vocabulary FSH stands for Follicle Stimulating Hormone, and LH stands for Luteinizing Hormone.
The menstrual cycle typically lasts 28 days • Days 1-7 Menstruation (period) • Days 7-14 Preparation phase (estrogen builds up uterus wall) • Day 14 Ovulation (FSH matures egg, LH releases egg) • Days 14-28 Maintenance phase (progesterone maintains uterus wall)
Testosterone, produced in the testes, is the main male reproductive hormone. It stimulates sperm production and the development of secondary sex characteristics during puberty.
Highlight During puberty, reproductive hormones cause secondary sex characteristics to develop in both males and females.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Contraception and Fertility Treatments
Contraceptives work by altering hormone levels or preventing fertilization/implantation. Understanding the hormonal contraceptives menstrual cycle interaction is crucial for effective contraception.
Types of contraceptives include
- Hormonal methods (oral contraceptives, injections, implants, patches)
- Barrier methods (condoms, diaphragms)
- Intrauterine devices (IUDs)
- Spermicides
- Natural methods
- Surgical methods
Example Oral contraceptives (daily pills) inhibit FSH production, preventing egg maturation and ovulation.
Fertility drugs and treatments • FSH and LH can be administered to increase ovulation and chances of fertilization. • In vitro fertilization (IVF) involves administering FSH and LH, collecting matured eggs, fertilizing them in a lab, and implanting the embryo in the mother's womb.
Highlight IVF can be emotionally and physically stressful, has a low success rate, and can lead to multiple births, which can be risky for both mother and babies.
The choice of contraceptive method depends on factors such as lifestyle, religion, and personal preferences.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Plant Hormones and Growth Responses
Plant hormones like auxins, gibberellins, and ethene regulate various aspects of plant growth and development. Auxins in plant growth regulation play a key role in phototropism and gravitropism.
Auxins are sensitive to light and accumulate on the shaded side of plant stems. This causes faster growth on that side, making the stem bend towards light in a process called phototropism. For gravitropism, auxins gather on the lower side of horizontal stems and roots due to gravity. In shoots, this stimulates growth on the lower side, causing upward bending. In roots, auxins inhibit growth, causing downward bending.
Definition Phototropism is the growth response of plants to light, while gravitropism is the growth response to gravity.
Gibberellins stimulate seed germination and promote flowering and fruit growth. Ethene controls cell division and fruit ripening.
Example Auxins are used in weed killers, rooting powders, and tissue culture. Gibberellins are used to end seed dormancy and increase fruit size.
Phototropism and gravitropism practical steps involve setting up experiments to observe plant responses
- Use a petri dish with cotton wool and water
- Place seeds in different light conditions
- Measure growth and record results daily
- For gravitropism, turn the dish on its edge
Highlight Results typically show taller growth in darker conditions as plants grow rapidly to reach sunlight.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user