Page 3: Enzymes and Plant Organization

This section details enzyme function and plant organization, key topics in bioenergetics AQA GCSE. It covers the lock and key theory, enzyme denaturation, and plant tissue structure.

Definition: The lock and key theory explains how enzymes work by having a specific active site that only fits particular substrate molecules.

Example: Stomata and guard cells demonstrate how plants control water loss through specialized structures.

Highlight: The transpiration stream shows how water moves through a plant, pulled up from roots through the xylem.

Vocabulary: Denaturation - the process where proteins lose their shape and function Translocation - movement of dissolved sugars through phloem

Animal Organization and Circulation

This section details animal organ systems and circulation, essential for understanding bioenergetics aqa gcse.

Definition: The digestive system comprises specialized organs working together for nutrient processing.

Highlight: Blood vessels are specifically adapted to their functions - arteries have thick walls for high pressure, while veins have valves to prevent backflow.

Disease Prevention and Immune Response

This section covers body defenses and immune responses, crucial for free gcse biology revision notes.

Definition: Non-specific defenses include physical barriers like skin and mechanical barriers like cilia.

Highlight: White blood cells employ multiple strategies including antibody production and phagocytosis.