Subjects

Biology

Cell biology

Cell divison

Mitosis and the cell cycle

Fun with Cells: Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic for Class 9 & 11

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Fun with Cells: Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic for Class 9 & 11

Chelsea Hancocks

@chelseahancocks_tuth

9 Followers

Cell Biology: From Prokaryotes to Eukaryotes and Beyond

This comprehensive guide explores the fundamental concepts of cell biology, covering the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, specialized cells in animals and plants, microscopy techniques, and cell division. Key topics include:

Structure and characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Functions of various cell organelles
Specialized cells in animals and plants and their adaptations
Microscopy techniques for studying cells
The process of cell division through mitosis

17/05/2023

246

BIOLOGY
PAPER 1
• Cells (Prakaryotic / Eukaryotes)
PROKARYOTE - Are bacteria cells that are much smaller than Eukaryotes.
They have a cytopl

Microscopy and Cell Division

This page delves into microscopy techniques and the process of cell division, which are crucial topics for GCSE Biology and advanced biology courses.

Microscopy Techniques

The text explains different microscopy techniques and their applications in cellular biology.

Definition: Magnification is calculated as the size of the image divided by the size of the real object.

The document provides a scale of measurements used in microscopy:

Centi (cm): 10^-2
Milli (mm): 10^-3
Micro (μm): 10^-6
Nano (nm): 10^-9

Two main types of microscopes are discussed:

Light microscope: Used to view individual cells and large subcellular structures like the nucleus.
Electron microscope: Uses a beam of electrons to achieve higher resolution, allowing visualization of smaller structures like mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, and plasmids.

Highlight: The electron microscope provides much higher resolution than the light microscope, enabling the study of minute cellular structures.

Cell Division

The text explains the process of cell division, focusing on mitosis.

Vocabulary: Chromosomes - Structures in the cell nucleus made of coiled DNA molecules, containing genetic information and found in pairs.

The cell cycle is described as a series of stages during which:

The cell grows and increases its number of subcellular structures.
DNA replicates to form two copies of each chromosome.
During mitosis, one set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell, and the nucleus divides.

Example: In mitosis, the genetic material is doubled and divided into two identical cells, which is crucial for growth and repair in organisms.

This section provides essential information for understanding microscopy techniques and cell division for GCSE Biology exams and beyond.

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Cells and Specialized Structures

This page covers the fundamental differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, as well as specialized cells in animals and plants. It provides essential information for understanding cellular biology at the Class 9 and 11 levels.

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells

The text outlines the 10 differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, focusing on their structure and components.

Definition: Prokaryotes are bacteria cells that are much smaller than eukaryotes. They have a cytoplasm and cell membrane surrounded by a cell wall, with genetic material not enclosed by a nucleus.

Highlight: Eukaryotic cells, found in plants and animals, have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material enclosed by a nucleus.

The document provides a detailed list of eukaryotic cell components and their functions:

Nucleus: Controls cell activities
Cytoplasm: Site of most chemical reactions
Cell membrane: Controls substance movement in and out of the cell
Mitochondria: Energy release through respiration
Ribosomes: Protein synthesis
Chloroplasts (in plant cells): Light absorption for food production
Permanent vacuole: Filled with cell sap
Cell wall (in plant and algae cells): Provides structure

Specialized Cells

The text discusses various specialized cells in animals and plants and their functions.

Example: Sperm cells carry half the genetic information and have tails to swim towards the egg cell.

Other specialized cells mentioned include:

Red blood cells: Adapted for oxygen and carbon dioxide transport
Muscle cells: Can change length to facilitate movement
Root hair cells: Increased surface area for water absorption
Nerve cells: Long cells (up to 2m) for carrying messages around the body
Palisade cells: Contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis

Vocabulary: Mitosis - The process of cell division producing two identical cells, essential for organism growth.

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Knowunity is the #1 education app in five European countries

Knowunity has been named a featured story on Apple and has regularly topped the app store charts in the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

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Download in

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Knowunity is the #1 education app in five European countries

4.9+

Average app rating

13 M

Pupils love Knowunity

#1

In education app charts in 12 countries

950 K+

Students have uploaded notes

Still not convinced? See what other students are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much, I also use it daily. I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a D to an A with it :D

Philip, iOS User

The app is very simple and well designed. So far I have always found everything I was looking for :D

Lena, iOS user

I love this app ❤️ I actually use it every time I study.

Subjects

Biology

Cell biology

Cell divison

Mitosis and the cell cycle

Fun with Cells: Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic for Class 9 & 11

Chelsea Hancocks

@chelseahancocks_tuth

9 Followers

Cell Biology: From Prokaryotes to Eukaryotes and Beyond

Structure and characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Functions of various cell organelles
Specialized cells in animals and plants and their adaptations
Microscopy techniques for studying cells
The process of cell division through mitosis

17/05/2023

246

10/11

Biology

Microscopy and Cell Division

This page delves into microscopy techniques and the process of cell division, which are crucial topics for GCSE Biology and advanced biology courses.

Microscopy Techniques

The text explains different microscopy techniques and their applications in cellular biology.

Definition: Magnification is calculated as the size of the image divided by the size of the real object.

The document provides a scale of measurements used in microscopy:

Centi (cm): 10^-2
Milli (mm): 10^-3
Micro (μm): 10^-6
Nano (nm): 10^-9

Two main types of microscopes are discussed:

Light microscope: Used to view individual cells and large subcellular structures like the nucleus.
Electron microscope: Uses a beam of electrons to achieve higher resolution, allowing visualization of smaller structures like mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, and plasmids.

Highlight: The electron microscope provides much higher resolution than the light microscope, enabling the study of minute cellular structures.

Cell Division

The text explains the process of cell division, focusing on mitosis.

Vocabulary: Chromosomes - Structures in the cell nucleus made of coiled DNA molecules, containing genetic information and found in pairs.

The cell cycle is described as a series of stages during which:

The cell grows and increases its number of subcellular structures.
DNA replicates to form two copies of each chromosome.
During mitosis, one set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell, and the nucleus divides.

Example: In mitosis, the genetic material is doubled and divided into two identical cells, which is crucial for growth and repair in organisms.

This section provides essential information for understanding microscopy techniques and cell division for GCSE Biology exams and beyond.

Cells and Specialized Structures

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells

The text outlines the 10 differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, focusing on their structure and components.

Definition: Prokaryotes are bacteria cells that are much smaller than eukaryotes. They have a cytoplasm and cell membrane surrounded by a cell wall, with genetic material not enclosed by a nucleus.

Highlight: Eukaryotic cells, found in plants and animals, have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material enclosed by a nucleus.

The document provides a detailed list of eukaryotic cell components and their functions:

Nucleus: Controls cell activities
Cytoplasm: Site of most chemical reactions
Cell membrane: Controls substance movement in and out of the cell
Mitochondria: Energy release through respiration
Ribosomes: Protein synthesis
Chloroplasts (in plant cells): Light absorption for food production
Permanent vacuole: Filled with cell sap
Cell wall (in plant and algae cells): Provides structure

Specialized Cells

The text discusses various specialized cells in animals and plants and their functions.

Example: Sperm cells carry half the genetic information and have tails to swim towards the egg cell.

Other specialized cells mentioned include:

Red blood cells: Adapted for oxygen and carbon dioxide transport
Muscle cells: Can change length to facilitate movement
Root hair cells: Increased surface area for water absorption
Nerve cells: Long cells (up to 2m) for carrying messages around the body
Palisade cells: Contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis

Vocabulary: Mitosis - The process of cell division producing two identical cells, essential for organism growth.

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the #1 education app in five European countries

Knowunity has been named a featured story on Apple and has regularly topped the app store charts in the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Download in

Google Play

Download in

App Store

4.9+

Average app rating

13 M

Pupils love Knowunity

#1

In education app charts in 12 countries

950 K+

Students have uploaded notes

Still not convinced? See what other students are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much, I also use it daily. I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a D to an A with it :D

Philip, iOS User

The app is very simple and well designed. So far I have always found everything I was looking for :D

Lena, iOS user

Fun with Cells: Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic for Class 9 & 11

Microscopy and Cell Division

Microscopy Techniques

Cell Division

Cells and Specialized Structures

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells

Specialized Cells

Similar content

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the #1 education app in five European countries

Knowunity has been named a featured story on Apple and has regularly topped the app store charts in the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

4.9+

13 M

#1

950 K+

Still not convinced? See what other students are saying...

I love this app so much, I also use it daily. I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a D to an A with it :D

The app is very simple and well designed. So far I have always found everything I was looking for :D

I love this app ❤️ I actually use it every time I study.

Fun with Cells: Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic for Class 9 & 11

Microscopy and Cell Division

Microscopy Techniques

Cell Division

Cells and Specialized Structures

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells

Specialized Cells

Similar content

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the #1 education app in five European countries

Knowunity has been named a featured story on Apple and has regularly topped the app store charts in the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

4.9+

13 M

#1

950 K+

Still not convinced? See what other students are saying...

I love this app so much, I also use it daily. I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a D to an A with it :D

The app is very simple and well designed. So far I have always found everything I was looking for :D

I love this app ❤️ I actually use it every time I study.