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Fun with Cells: Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic for Class 9 & 11

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Chelsea Hancocks

17/05/2023

Biology

Biology paper 1 revision

Fun with Cells: Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic for Class 9 & 11

Cell Biology: From Prokaryotes to Eukaryotes and Beyond

This comprehensive guide explores the fundamental concepts of cell biology, covering the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, specialized cells in animals and plants, microscopy techniques, and cell division. Key topics include:

  • Structure and characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
  • Functions of various cell organelles
  • Specialized cells in animals and plants and their adaptations
  • Microscopy techniques for studying cells
  • The process of cell division through mitosis
...

17/05/2023

276

BIOLOGY
PAPER 1
• Cells (Prakaryotic / Eukaryotes)
PROKARYOTE - Are bacteria cells that are much smaller than Eukaryotes.
They have a cytopl

View

Microscopy and Cell Division

This page delves into microscopy techniques and the process of cell division, which are crucial topics for GCSE Biology and advanced biology courses.

Microscopy Techniques

The text explains different microscopy techniques and their applications in cellular biology.

Definition: Magnification is calculated as the size of the image divided by the size of the real object.

The document provides a scale of measurements used in microscopy:

  • Centi cmcm: 10^-2
  • Milli mmmm: 10^-3
  • Micro μmμm: 10^-6
  • Nano nmnm: 10^-9

Two main types of microscopes are discussed:

  1. Light microscope: Used to view individual cells and large subcellular structures like the nucleus.
  2. Electron microscope: Uses a beam of electrons to achieve higher resolution, allowing visualization of smaller structures like mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, and plasmids.

Highlight: The electron microscope provides much higher resolution than the light microscope, enabling the study of minute cellular structures.

Cell Division

The text explains the process of cell division, focusing on mitosis.

Vocabulary: Chromosomes - Structures in the cell nucleus made of coiled DNA molecules, containing genetic information and found in pairs.

The cell cycle is described as a series of stages during which:

  1. The cell grows and increases its number of subcellular structures.
  2. DNA replicates to form two copies of each chromosome.
  3. During mitosis, one set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell, and the nucleus divides.

Example: In mitosis, the genetic material is doubled and divided into two identical cells, which is crucial for growth and repair in organisms.

This section provides essential information for understanding microscopy techniques and cell division for GCSE Biology exams and beyond.

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Biology

276

17 May 2023

2 pages

Fun with Cells: Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic for Class 9 & 11

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Chelsea Hancocks

@chelseahancocks_tuth

Cell Biology: From Prokaryotes to Eukaryotes and Beyond

This comprehensive guide explores the fundamental concepts of cell biology, covering the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, specialized cells in animals and plants, microscopy techniques, and cell division... Show more

BIOLOGY
PAPER 1
• Cells (Prakaryotic / Eukaryotes)
PROKARYOTE - Are bacteria cells that are much smaller than Eukaryotes.
They have a cytopl

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Microscopy and Cell Division

This page delves into microscopy techniques and the process of cell division, which are crucial topics for GCSE Biology and advanced biology courses.

Microscopy Techniques

The text explains different microscopy techniques and their applications in cellular biology.

Definition: Magnification is calculated as the size of the image divided by the size of the real object.

The document provides a scale of measurements used in microscopy:

  • Centi cmcm: 10^-2
  • Milli mmmm: 10^-3
  • Micro μmμm: 10^-6
  • Nano nmnm: 10^-9

Two main types of microscopes are discussed:

  1. Light microscope: Used to view individual cells and large subcellular structures like the nucleus.
  2. Electron microscope: Uses a beam of electrons to achieve higher resolution, allowing visualization of smaller structures like mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, and plasmids.

Highlight: The electron microscope provides much higher resolution than the light microscope, enabling the study of minute cellular structures.

Cell Division

The text explains the process of cell division, focusing on mitosis.

Vocabulary: Chromosomes - Structures in the cell nucleus made of coiled DNA molecules, containing genetic information and found in pairs.

The cell cycle is described as a series of stages during which:

  1. The cell grows and increases its number of subcellular structures.
  2. DNA replicates to form two copies of each chromosome.
  3. During mitosis, one set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell, and the nucleus divides.

Example: In mitosis, the genetic material is doubled and divided into two identical cells, which is crucial for growth and repair in organisms.

This section provides essential information for understanding microscopy techniques and cell division for GCSE Biology exams and beyond.

BIOLOGY
PAPER 1
• Cells (Prakaryotic / Eukaryotes)
PROKARYOTE - Are bacteria cells that are much smaller than Eukaryotes.
They have a cytopl

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Cells and Specialized Structures

This page covers the fundamental differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, as well as specialized cells in animals and plants. It provides essential information for understanding cellular biology at the Class 9 and 11 levels.

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells

The text outlines the 10 differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, focusing on their structure and components.

Definition: Prokaryotes are bacteria cells that are much smaller than eukaryotes. They have a cytoplasm and cell membrane surrounded by a cell wall, with genetic material not enclosed by a nucleus.

Highlight: Eukaryotic cells, found in plants and animals, have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material enclosed by a nucleus.

The document provides a detailed list of eukaryotic cell components and their functions:

  • Nucleus: Controls cell activities
  • Cytoplasm: Site of most chemical reactions
  • Cell membrane: Controls substance movement in and out of the cell
  • Mitochondria: Energy release through respiration
  • Ribosomes: Protein synthesis
  • Chloroplasts inplantcellsin plant cells: Light absorption for food production
  • Permanent vacuole: Filled with cell sap
  • Cell wall inplantandalgaecellsin plant and algae cells: Provides structure

Specialized Cells

The text discusses various specialized cells in animals and plants and their functions.

Example: Sperm cells carry half the genetic information and have tails to swim towards the egg cell.

Other specialized cells mentioned include:

  • Red blood cells: Adapted for oxygen and carbon dioxide transport
  • Muscle cells: Can change length to facilitate movement
  • Root hair cells: Increased surface area for water absorption
  • Nerve cells: Long cells upto2mup to 2m for carrying messages around the body
  • Palisade cells: Contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis

Vocabulary: Mitosis - The process of cell division producing two identical cells, essential for organism growth.

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This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

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Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

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Thomas R

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Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

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This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

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Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

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Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

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This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

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