Vocabulary: Vena cava - Brings deoxygenated blood into the heart from the body.

Example: The aorta carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body.

Definition: Coronary heart disease - A condition where coronary arteries become narrow or blocked, reducing oxygen supply to the heart.

Highlight: Artificial hearts can be used to keep patients alive while waiting for a transplant or to allow the heart to rest.

Vocabulary: Alveoli - Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.

Example: The percentage of oxygen in inhaled air is about 20%, while exhaled air contains approximately 16% oxygen.

Definition: Stomata - Tiny pores in plant leaves that allow for gas exchange and transpiration.

Highlight: Plants have a large surface area for gas diffusion, with specialized tissues like palisade and spongy mesophyll containing chloroplasts for photosynthesis.

Vocabulary: Xylem - Plant tissue made of dead cells that transport water and minerals from roots to leaves.

Example: Phloem, made of living cells, carries dissolved food from leaves to other parts of the plant.

Definition: Transpiration - The process by which water is lost through the stomata of plant leaves.

Highlight: Factors affecting transpiration include temperature, humidity, air movement, and light intensity.

Vocabulary: Plasma - A yellow liquid that transports blood cells and other substances around the body.

Example: Red blood cells have adaptations such as a biconcave shape for increased surface area and contain hemoglobin to bind oxygen efficiently.

Definition: Arteries - Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to organs under high pressure.

Highlight: Capillaries form a vast network of tiny vessels linking arteries and veins, allowing for efficient exchange of substances between blood and cells.