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Brolodgy Bitty Biology Study Notes: Cells and Chromosomes For Kids

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Chloe Gillen

07/05/2023

Biology

biology

Brolodgy Bitty Biology Study Notes: Cells and Chromosomes For Kids

Brolodgy Bitty Biology Study Notes: A comprehensive guide to cell biology, covering eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells differences, meiosis and mitosis chromosome processes, and more.

Key topics include cell structure, DNA, microscopy, digestion, photosynthesis, and immune system responses. These notes provide detailed explanations of complex biological processes, making them ideal for students studying biology.

...

07/05/2023

964

Brolodgy Bitty Biology.
Practise paper-paper 1.
Cell
Cells &
animal:
membrany
b
Plant:
to,
nucleus.
-cytoplasm
mitochondria-
(respiration)
R

View

Cellular Processes and Disease

This page delves deeper into cellular processes, focusing on diffusion, digestion, and photosynthesis, as well as discussing infectious diseases and immune responses.

The page begins by explaining diffusion and osmosis:

Example: Diffusion is described as the movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.

The text then moves on to discuss digestion, mentioning enzymes and their role in breaking down food molecules.

Photosynthesis is covered next, with a focus on practical experiments:

Highlight: The rate of photosynthesis can be measured by counting oxygen bubbles released from pond weed or by monitoring light absorption.

The page then shifts to infectious diseases:

Definition: Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens, which can be bacteria, viruses, fungi, or protists.

The body's defense mechanisms against pathogens are described in detail:

Vocabulary: White blood cells, including phagocytes and lymphocytes, play crucial roles in the immune response. Phagocytes engulf pathogens, while lymphocytes produce antibodies.

The text explains that antibodies are complementary to specific pathogen antigens and can take time to find a match. However, the immune system remembers pathogens, making future responses faster.

The page concludes with a brief mention of penicillin, discovered by Fleming, and the process of developing new medicines, including discovery, development, testing, and trials.

Brolodgy Bitty Biology.
Practise paper-paper 1.
Cell
Cells &
animal:
membrany
b
Plant:
to,
nucleus.
-cytoplasm
mitochondria-
(respiration)
R

View

Practice Questions and Additional Information

This page provides practice questions and additional information on various topics covered in the previous pages.

The page starts with a diagram of a cell, asking students to identify specific structures:

Example: Students are asked to identify the nucleus in the cell diagram and explain why the cell is a plant cell duetothepresenceofacellwalldue to the presence of a cell wall.

The text then moves on to questions about white blood cells and their role in defending the body against pathogens:

Highlight: White blood cells defend the body by engulfing pathogens and producing antibodies.

There's a question about the decrease in the number of measles cases, suggesting that vaccination has played a role in this reduction.

The page includes information about sperm cells, noting that they have many mitochondria to provide energy for movement.

A section on photosynthesis is included, presenting the chemical equation:

Quote: "6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ lightenergylight energy"

The page concludes with additional questions and information:

  • A calculation of cell size using magnification formulas
  • A comparison of electron microscopes and light microscopes, noting that electron microscopes have higher resolution
  • A question about the breakdown of carbohydrates during digestion, introducing the enzyme amylase

Vocabulary: Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates during digestion.

This page serves as a review and application of the concepts covered in the previous pages, helping students to reinforce their understanding of key biological processes.

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Biology

964

7 May 2023

3 pages

Brolodgy Bitty Biology Study Notes: Cells and Chromosomes For Kids

user profile picture

Chloe Gillen

@chloegillen_

Brolodgy Bitty Biology Study Notes: A comprehensive guide to cell biology, covering eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells differences, meiosis and mitosis chromosome processes, and more.

Key topics include cell structure, DNA, microscopy, digestion, photosynthesis, and immune system responses.... Show more

Brolodgy Bitty Biology.
Practise paper-paper 1.
Cell
Cells &
animal:
membrany
b
Plant:
to,
nucleus.
-cytoplasm
mitochondria-
(respiration)
R

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Cellular Processes and Disease

This page delves deeper into cellular processes, focusing on diffusion, digestion, and photosynthesis, as well as discussing infectious diseases and immune responses.

The page begins by explaining diffusion and osmosis:

Example: Diffusion is described as the movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.

The text then moves on to discuss digestion, mentioning enzymes and their role in breaking down food molecules.

Photosynthesis is covered next, with a focus on practical experiments:

Highlight: The rate of photosynthesis can be measured by counting oxygen bubbles released from pond weed or by monitoring light absorption.

The page then shifts to infectious diseases:

Definition: Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens, which can be bacteria, viruses, fungi, or protists.

The body's defense mechanisms against pathogens are described in detail:

Vocabulary: White blood cells, including phagocytes and lymphocytes, play crucial roles in the immune response. Phagocytes engulf pathogens, while lymphocytes produce antibodies.

The text explains that antibodies are complementary to specific pathogen antigens and can take time to find a match. However, the immune system remembers pathogens, making future responses faster.

The page concludes with a brief mention of penicillin, discovered by Fleming, and the process of developing new medicines, including discovery, development, testing, and trials.

Brolodgy Bitty Biology.
Practise paper-paper 1.
Cell
Cells &
animal:
membrany
b
Plant:
to,
nucleus.
-cytoplasm
mitochondria-
(respiration)
R

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Practice Questions and Additional Information

This page provides practice questions and additional information on various topics covered in the previous pages.

The page starts with a diagram of a cell, asking students to identify specific structures:

Example: Students are asked to identify the nucleus in the cell diagram and explain why the cell is a plant cell duetothepresenceofacellwalldue to the presence of a cell wall.

The text then moves on to questions about white blood cells and their role in defending the body against pathogens:

Highlight: White blood cells defend the body by engulfing pathogens and producing antibodies.

There's a question about the decrease in the number of measles cases, suggesting that vaccination has played a role in this reduction.

The page includes information about sperm cells, noting that they have many mitochondria to provide energy for movement.

A section on photosynthesis is included, presenting the chemical equation:

Quote: "6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ lightenergylight energy"

The page concludes with additional questions and information:

  • A calculation of cell size using magnification formulas
  • A comparison of electron microscopes and light microscopes, noting that electron microscopes have higher resolution
  • A question about the breakdown of carbohydrates during digestion, introducing the enzyme amylase

Vocabulary: Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates during digestion.

This page serves as a review and application of the concepts covered in the previous pages, helping students to reinforce their understanding of key biological processes.

Brolodgy Bitty Biology.
Practise paper-paper 1.
Cell
Cells &
animal:
membrany
b
Plant:
to,
nucleus.
-cytoplasm
mitochondria-
(respiration)
R

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Cell Structure and Types

This page covers the fundamental aspects of cell biology, focusing on the differences between plant and animal cells, as well as eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.

The page begins by outlining the key components of animal and plant cells. Animal cells are described as having a membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria forrespirationfor respiration, and ribosomes forproteinsynthesisfor protein synthesis. Plant cells are noted to have additional structures such as vacuoles forsapstoragefor sap storage, chloroplasts forphotosynthesisfor photosynthesis, and a cell wall.

Definition: Eukaryotic cells are defined as having DNA contained within a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells suchasbacteriasuch as bacteria do not have a nucleus and their DNA is free in the cytoplasm.

The page then moves on to discuss cell division processes:

Highlight: Meiosis and mitosis chromosome processes are crucial for cell reproduction and genetic diversity.

Mitosis is described as the process of cell division where chromosomes are copied. It's noted that humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, totaling 46.

Meiosis is explained as the process for creating sex cells gametesgametes. This process involves DNA copying, crossing over, and two divisions, resulting in daughter cells or egg/sperm cells.

The page concludes with information on microscopy and DNA:

Vocabulary: Microscopy techniques mentioned include SEM ScanningElectronMicroscopyScanning Electron Microscopy and TEM TransmissionElectronMicroscopyTransmission Electron Microscopy.

DNA is described as being made up of four bases chemicalschemicals: T+A and C+G. The page explains that every three bases code for an amino acid, which tells the cell the order for protein synthesis.

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Paul T

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Stefan S

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This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

iOS user