Subjects

Careers

Open the App

Subjects

How Proteins Work as Enzymes and Hormones for Kids

Open

7

0

T

Timi Olanrewaju

20/10/2022

Biology

BIOLOGY 1.4 - Proteins and Enzymes

Subjects

/

Biology

/

Organisation

/

Animal organisation - digestion

/

Animal organisation - enzymes

How Proteins Work as Enzymes and Hormones for Kids

Proteins are essential biomolecules with diverse functions, including acting as enzymes and hormones. This summary explores the role of proteins, focusing on enzymes, their structure, and the factors affecting enzyme activity. It covers the enzyme-substrate complex, types of enzymatic reactions, and how temperature and pH influence enzyme function.

  • Proteins serve various cellular functions: structural support, enzymatic catalysis, hormonal signaling, immune defense, and cellular reception.
  • Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up specific chemical reactions.
  • Temperature and pH significantly affect enzyme activity, with each enzyme having optimal conditions.
  • Understanding enzyme function is crucial for comprehending cellular processes and metabolic pathways.
...

20/10/2022

169

Proteins and Enzymes As described in the previous topic, proteins are formed from long chains of amino acids and it is the order of the base

View

Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity

The efficiency of enzymes is significantly influenced by environmental factors, primarily temperature and pH.

Temperature Effects on Enzyme Activity

Temperature plays a crucial role in enzyme function:

  1. Low temperatures: Slow molecular movement leads to infrequent enzyme-substrate collisions and low activity.
  2. Increasing temperatures: Faster molecular movement increases reaction rates.
  3. Optimal temperature: Enzymes work at their maximum efficiency.
  4. High temperatures: Enzymes denature, losing their shape and function.

Highlight: Each enzyme has an optimal temperature at which it functions most efficiently.

The relationship between temperature and enzyme activity typically follows a bell-shaped curve, with activity peaking at the optimal temperature and decreasing at higher and lower temperatures.

Definition: Denaturation is the process where proteins lose their structure due to external stress, such as extreme temperature or pH.

Proteins and Enzymes As described in the previous topic, proteins are formed from long chains of amino acids and it is the order of the base

View

pH Effects on Enzyme Activity

pH is another critical factor affecting enzyme activity:

  1. Optimal pH: Enzyme activity is at its maximum.
  2. pH changes: Activity decreases as pH moves away from the optimum.
  3. Extreme pH: Can cause permanent denaturation of the enzyme.

Vocabulary: Optimal pH - The specific pH at which an enzyme functions most efficiently.

The effect of pH on enzyme activity is due to changes in the enzyme's shape. At optimal pH, the enzyme's active site is perfectly shaped to accommodate its substrate. However, extreme pH values can alter the enzyme's shape, making it non-complementary to its substrate.

Example: Digestive enzymes in the stomach function optimally at acidic pH, while those in the small intestine work best in slightly alkaline conditions.

Understanding these factors is crucial for optimizing enzymatic reactions in various biological and industrial processes. The interplay between enzyme structure, substrate binding, and environmental conditions determines the efficiency of catalytic reactions in living systems.

Similar content

Know paper 1 notes topics 1-4 thumbnail

256

2390

11/10

paper 1 notes topics 1-4

aqa biology paper 1 notes mind maps

Know BIOLOGY - enzymes thumbnail

23

1045

11/10

BIOLOGY - enzymes

everything you need to know about enzymes for the edexcel biology paper. all the information is based off of the edexcel specification.

Know different topic Mindmaps thumbnail

7

90

S4

different topic Mindmaps

I found it Hard at first to find notes for things that will stick in my head so I use mind maps these cover topics like life on earth, cell structure, transport, stuff about DNA, proteins/enzymes hope it helps <3

Know Animal Biology notes thumbnail

11

379

10/11

Animal Biology notes

This is notes for animal biology

Know Food Tests thumbnail

21

706

11

Food Tests

Goes Through; How to test for: Glucose, Starch, Lipids and Proteins

Know Digestive system thumbnail

22

727

10/11

Digestive system

The digestive system, the route of food, and the specific functions of each organ

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the #1 education app in five European countries

Knowunity has been named a featured story on Apple and has regularly topped the app store charts in the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Ranked #1 Education App

Download in

Google Play

Download in

App Store

Knowunity is the #1 education app in five European countries

4.9+

Average app rating

21 M

Pupils love Knowunity

#1

In education app charts in 17 countries

950 K+

Students have uploaded notes

Still not convinced? See what other students are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much, I also use it daily. I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a D to an A with it :D

Philip, iOS User

The app is very simple and well designed. So far I have always found everything I was looking for :D

Lena, iOS user

I love this app ❤️ I actually use it every time I study.

Subjects

Biology

Organisation

Animal organisation - digestion

Animal organisation - enzymes

 

Biology

•

169

•

20 Oct 2022

•

3 pages

How Proteins Work as Enzymes and Hormones for Kids

T

Timi Olanrewaju

@timiolanrewaju_

Proteins are essential biomolecules with diverse functions, including acting as enzymes and hormones. This summary explores the role of proteins, focusing on enzymes, their structure, and the factors affecting enzyme activity. It covers the enzyme-substrate complex, types... Show more

Proteins and Enzymes As described in the previous topic, proteins are formed from long chains of amino acids and it is the order of the base

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity

The efficiency of enzymes is significantly influenced by environmental factors, primarily temperature and pH.

Temperature Effects on Enzyme Activity

Temperature plays a crucial role in enzyme function:

  1. Low temperatures: Slow molecular movement leads to infrequent enzyme-substrate collisions and low activity.
  2. Increasing temperatures: Faster molecular movement increases reaction rates.
  3. Optimal temperature: Enzymes work at their maximum efficiency.
  4. High temperatures: Enzymes denature, losing their shape and function.

Highlight: Each enzyme has an optimal temperature at which it functions most efficiently.

The relationship between temperature and enzyme activity typically follows a bell-shaped curve, with activity peaking at the optimal temperature and decreasing at higher and lower temperatures.

Definition: Denaturation is the process where proteins lose their structure due to external stress, such as extreme temperature or pH.

Proteins and Enzymes As described in the previous topic, proteins are formed from long chains of amino acids and it is the order of the base

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

pH Effects on Enzyme Activity

pH is another critical factor affecting enzyme activity:

  1. Optimal pH: Enzyme activity is at its maximum.
  2. pH changes: Activity decreases as pH moves away from the optimum.
  3. Extreme pH: Can cause permanent denaturation of the enzyme.

Vocabulary: Optimal pH - The specific pH at which an enzyme functions most efficiently.

The effect of pH on enzyme activity is due to changes in the enzyme's shape. At optimal pH, the enzyme's active site is perfectly shaped to accommodate its substrate. However, extreme pH values can alter the enzyme's shape, making it non-complementary to its substrate.

Example: Digestive enzymes in the stomach function optimally at acidic pH, while those in the small intestine work best in slightly alkaline conditions.

Understanding these factors is crucial for optimizing enzymatic reactions in various biological and industrial processes. The interplay between enzyme structure, substrate binding, and environmental conditions determines the efficiency of catalytic reactions in living systems.

Proteins and Enzymes As described in the previous topic, proteins are formed from long chains of amino acids and it is the order of the base

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Proteins and Enzymes: Structure and Function

Proteins are complex molecules formed from amino acid chains, with their sequence determined by DNA. They play crucial roles in cellular functions, including:

  1. Structural support
  2. Enzymatic catalysis
  3. Hormonal signaling
  4. Immune defense antibodiesantibodies
  5. Cellular reception

Enzymes, a specific type of protein, act as biological catalysts. They speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. The specificity of enzymes is due to their unique active site, which complements the shape of their substrate.

Definition: The active site is the region on an enzyme where the substrate binds and the reaction occurs.

The enzyme-substrate complex forms when a substrate attaches to the enzyme's active site. This complex is crucial for the catalytic process.

Vocabulary: Enzyme-substrate complex - The temporary structure formed when an enzyme binds to its specific substrate.

Enzymes catalyze two main types of reactions:

  1. Synthesis reactions: Building larger molecules from smaller ones e.g.,glucosetostarche.g., glucose to starch
  2. Degradation reactions: Breaking down larger molecules into smaller ones e.g.,proteinstoaminoacidse.g., proteins to amino acids

Example: In starch synthesis, an enzyme combines glucose molecules to form larger starch molecules.

We thought you’d never ask...

What is the Knowunity AI companion?

Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.

Where can I download the Knowunity app?

You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.

Is Knowunity really free of charge?

That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Students love us — and so will you.

4.9/5

App Store

4.8/5

Google Play

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

iOS user

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

iOS user