all the organisms of one species living in a habitat

the populations of different species living in a habitat

the interaction of a community of living and non-living parts of their environment 

organisms need things from the environment and from other organisms to survive- eg a plant needs sunlight and space

species depending on other species for resources such as food, shelter, pollination or seed dispersal

all the species and environmental factors are in balance so that population sizes are roughly constant

if one part of a chain is lost, the other organisms have nothing to rely on, and the environment becomes unstable

tropical rainforests, ancient oak woodlands 

what are some examples of a stable community?

abiotic is non living, whereas biotic is living

what is the difference between an abiotic and a biotic factor?

moisture, light intensity, temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide level, soil pH/mineral content, wind intensity/direction, oxygen level

it would reduce the rate of photosynthesis affecting plant growth and decrease in population size

how could a decrease in light intensity affect population sizes in an ecosystem?

new predators, competition (out competing to extinction), new pathogens, availability of food 

what are some examples of biotic factors?

what is an example of competition as a biotic factor in the uk?

the changes that allow an organism to survive in a particular environment

features of body structure such as fur colour, shape, whales blubber etc.

the ways that organisms behave, such as migrating to a warmer climate in winter

things that happen inside the body that are related to processes such as metabolism, reproduction, such as bears hibernating to lower metabolism and conserve energy, desert animals not sweating to conserve water

some microorganisms that are adapted to live in extreme conditions such as in a high salt concentration, or at high pressure

producer-> primary consumers-> secondary consumers-> tertiary consumers 

what do producers make their own food from?

through their biomass, the biological molecules made from the glucose of a green plant (the producer) that is passed up the food chain by consumers

how is energy transferred in a food chain?

consumers that hunt and kill other animals (prey)

as prey increases, predators increase, but as predators increase, prey decreases 

what happens as prey and predators increase?

as it takes time for one population to respond to the changes 

why are predator-prey cycles always out of phase?

1- due to energy from the sun, water evaporates into water vapour   2- water vapour rises, cools and condenses to form clouds,   3- precipitation falls and provides water    4-water drains back into the sea

what is water evaporating from plants known as?

living things are made from materials taken from the world, which are returned in waste products, or when organisms die and decay. In a stable environment, the materials taken out of the soil are balanced by the materials that are put back into the soil- constant cycle

being broken down by microorganisms- happens faster in moist, warm, aerobic conditions as this is where microorganisms are most active

what is decay and what increases the rate?

CO2 is removed during photosynthesis, to make glucose for carbs, fats,proteins. as plants respire, some carbon is returned as CO2. The carbon moves through the food chain when eaten, and returned when respired by the consumers. (same for detritus feeders, and animal waste). Combustion of wood and fossil fuels releases CO2 also- carbon is constantly recycled.

organisms that feed on the remains of other animals alongside microorganisms 

the variety of different species or organisms on earth, or within an ecosystem

it makes sure ecosystems are stable due to interdependence- maintain the right physical environment for each other to survive

waste production, global warming and deforestation

advancement in farming and medicine increasing life expectancy 

 increased population, people demanding a higher standard of living, but raw materials are being used quicker than they are being replaced

why are demands on the environment increasing?

sewage and toxic chemicals pollute water and affect the organisms that rely on it, chemicals on land also washed into water

toxic chemicals such as pesticides are being used for farming, nuclear waste is buried underground, and household waste is dumped on landfill

smoke and acidic gases released into the atmosphere- eg. sufur dioxide causes acid rain

the energy it gets from the sun and the energy it radiates back into space

what is the temperature of the earth a balance between?

gases in the atmosphere insulate the earth, absorb the radiated energy and re-radiate it back towards earth, increasing the temperature of the planet

explain global warming in terms of the greenhouse effect

the increase of the earths temperature due to the increase of greenhouse gases

sea levels rising, changes is species distribution, changes in migration pattern, reduction in biodiversity 

what are the consequences of global warming?

to clear land for farming, to grow crops for which biofuels based on ethanol can be produced

as humans use land for farming, waste etc. biodiversity is being reduced as there is less land available for other organisms

an area of land that is acidic and waterlogged, so theres not enough oxygen to decay, so it builds up and forms peat

carbon is stored in peat, so when peat is drained, microorganisms decompose it, which respire and release CO2. CO2 is also released when peat is burned as fuel

how does destroying peat bogs add to carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

peat bogs are often drained so the land can become farmland, peat is cut up and dried to be used as fuel, also sold to gardeners as compost.

less CO2 is removed through photosynthesis, more CO2 in the atmosphere- released when burnt and when microorganisms feed on the wood and respire, reduced biodiversity due to habitat loss

what are the consequences of deforestation? 

programmes set up by citizens and scientists to minimise damage by human activities

breeding programmes- prevent endangered species from becoming extinct, habitat protection- regenerate rare habitats, prevent global warming and reduce waste

what are examples of programmes to maintain biodiversity?

the costs of programmes, the effect on the local economy, protecting food security, development of society

what are issues when attempting to maintain biodiversity?

English (UK)

Flashcard

Holly :)

United Kingdom

DEFAULT (England)

Biology

B7- Ecology

Quotes + Analysis for characters in An Inspector Calls (Grade 8+)

Explore in-depth analysis and key quotes for characters in J.B. Priestley's 'An Inspector Calls'. This resource covers Gerald Croft, Inspector Goole, Sheila Birling, Mrs. Birling, Eric Birling, and Eva Smith, focusing on themes of class, gender roles, and social responsibility. Ideal for students aiming for Grade 8 and above.

An Inspector Calls: Character Insights

Mind map

Liv_767

English Literature

An Inspector Calls Characters

Revision maps for all 9 crime and deviance topics
I want to say thank you to everyone who's been so patient while i finished these notes- I got so many message asking if i had full topic notes for this unit so I'm glad to hear my work is helping people :)

Explore an extensive revision of crime and deviance topics, including theories, types of crime, and the impact of media. This resource covers key concepts such as Marxism, functionalism, gender and crime, and the influence of globalization on criminal behavior. Ideal for students seeking a thorough understanding of criminology and its various theories. Type: Full Topic Revision.

Comprehensive Crime & Deviance Overview

Saffron

Sociology

Crime & Deviance: full topic revision

Revision note

soph🐈‍⬛¿

Combined Science

aqa higher tier combined science -  biology b1 : cell biology, paper 1

Everything you need to revise families for paper 2 :)

Dive into an extensive overview of family dynamics, perspectives, and patterns in sociology. This resource covers key concepts such as family diversity, gender roles, marriage, and the impact of social policies on family structures. Perfect for A-Level Sociology students preparing for Paper 2.

Sociology of Families: Comprehensive Revision

A-Level Sociology: Families and Households Full Topic Revision 

A-Level Sociology: Education. So these notes have all the sociologists studies that are also part of methods in context, I just haven't covered research methods here :)

Explore comprehensive A-Level Sociology notes on the education system, covering key theories, policies, and sociological perspectives. This resource includes insights on marketisation, gender roles, cultural deprivation, and educational inequalities, providing a thorough understanding of how education shapes social stratification and individual achievement. Ideal for exam preparation and in-depth study.

Sociology of Education Overview

Education- full topic revision 

macbeth, lady macbeth and macbeth themes and context

Explore the complex themes of guilt and ambition in Shakespeare's 'Macbeth'. This analysis covers key characters, including Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, their moral dilemmas, and the tragic consequences of their ambition. Ideal for students studying character motivations, thematic elements, and the psychological impact of power. Includes insights on the natural order, manipulation, and the descent into madness.

Macbeth: Guilt and Ambition

ruru

Macbeth mind maps

Criminology unit 4 detailed revision note

Crystabel Owusu

Criminology

WJEC Unit 4 Criminology 

model answer for the unit 3 assessment in year 13

Explore the essential rules governing the use of evidence in criminal cases, including reliability, admissibility, and relevance. This summary covers key concepts such as the roles of personnel in investigations, the impact of witness testimonies, and the implications of plea bargaining. Ideal for Year 13 criminology students preparing for assessments.

Criminal Justice Evidence Rules

Essay

Wheezey

CRIMINOLOGY UNIT 3 MODEL ANSWERS

Macbeth quotes with positions in the play


Explore essential quotes from Shakespeare's 'Macbeth' that highlight key themes such as ambition, guilt, and deception. This analysis includes significant lines from characters like Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, along with their context in the play. Ideal for students studying character development and thematic elements in literature.

Key Quotes from Macbeth

Megan 🎧

English

Macbeth key qoutes

Key Romeo and Juliet themes and analysed quotes 

alicia

Romeo and Juliet: Key themes 

Comprehensive study notes covering key concepts in cellular biology, human digestion, respiration, photosynthesis, and the circulatory system. This resource includes detailed explanations of cell structures, enzyme functions, nutrient absorption, and the impact of environmental factors on biological processes. Ideal for students preparing for Biology Paper 1 exams.

Biology Paper 1 Overview

Lydia Taylor

Study note

biology notes for paper 1

DEFAULT

Biology notes for paper 1

Explore essential AQA Biology topics including Photosynthesis, Respiration, Homeostasis, Genetics, and Ecology. This comprehensive knowledge organizer covers key concepts such as energy transfer, hormonal control, and genetic variation, providing a solid foundation for your studies. Ideal for exam preparation and understanding biological processes.

AQA Biology: Key Concepts

B€LA〄

Biology (all topics)

Comprehensive summary of AQA A-Level Biology Year 1, covering key topics such as cellular structure, protein synthesis, immune response, gas exchange, and more. Ideal for exam preparation and understanding biological concepts. Includes detailed insights into cellular processes, biological classification, and the circulatory system.

A-Level Biology Year 1 Overview

leah :)

AQA A-Level Biology Year 1 Notes

Comprehensive summary of key concepts in GCSE AQA Biology Paper 1, covering topics such as cell structure, photosynthesis, respiration, disease biology, antibiotic resistance, and transport systems. Ideal for exam preparation and revision.

GCSE Biology Paper 1 Overview

A* on the way

GCSE aqa biology paper 1

Notes for Biology paper 1 contains the full course for AQA higher combined!

Summary

- revision help -

Biology paper 1 Summary

doesnt include genetic fingerprinting coz i couldnt be bothered, but otherwise includes the entire year 2 spec 

Comprehensive study notes covering key concepts in AQA A-Level Biology Year 2, including neuronal communication, genetic modification, nutrient cycles, and hormonal control. This resource is designed to aid understanding of complex topics such as action potentials, photosynthesis, and speciation. Ideal for exam preparation and revision.

A-Level Biology Year 2 Overview

AQA A-Level Biology Notes Year 2 

AQA GCSE Biology - The heart and blood vessels revision.

Explore the structure and function of the heart and blood vessels in the circulatory system. This summary covers the roles of arteries, veins, and capillaries, detailing how blood is transported throughout the body. Ideal for AQA GCSE Biology students preparing for exams.

Circulatory System Overview

Izzy !

AQA Biology Revision - The Heart

Explore the key hormones involved in the menstrual cycle, including FSH, LH, estrogen, and progesterone. Understand their roles in egg maturation, ovulation, and the maintenance of the uterine lining. This summary provides a clear overview of hormonal coordination in human reproduction, ideal for GCSE Biology students.

Menstrual Cycle Hormones

anna🦋🧬📓🔬

Hormones & The Menstrual Cycle 

Explore the fundamental concepts of human cell biology, including cell division, DNA structure and replication, gene expression, and metabolic pathways. This comprehensive summary covers key topics such as mitosis, meiosis, mutations, and cellular respiration, providing essential insights for Higher Human Biology students. Ideal for exam preparation and understanding cellular processes.

B7- Ecology

Flashcards

B7- Ecology

Flashcards