Communicable vs Non-Communicable Diseases and Pathogens

This section introduces the key differences between communicable and non-communicable diseases, as well as the main types of pathogens that cause infectious diseases.

Definition: Communicable diseases are those that can be spread from person to person via pathogens, while non-communicable diseases cannot be transmitted between individuals.

Example: Measles is an example of a communicable disease, while coronary heart disease is non-communicable.

The spread of communicable diseases can be reduced through simple hygiene practices like hand washing, destroying disease vectors, and isolating infected individuals. People at risk may also be vaccinated.

Vocabulary: Pathogens are microorganisms that cause infectious diseases. They can spread through direct contact, water, or vectors.

The main types of pathogens covered in GCSE Biology communicable diseases include:

1. Bacteria: These can be killed by antibiotics. Once inside the body, they reproduce rapidly and release toxins that damage tissue, making us feel ill.

2. Viruses: These only reproduce inside host cells, causing the cells to burst and die. Examples include measles and HIV.

Highlight: Understanding the different types of pathogens is crucial for GCSE AQA Biology communicable diseases questions and answers.

The section also covers specific diseases:

• Measles: Causes fever and red skin rash, can be fatal. Children are typically vaccinated.
• Salmonella: Causes food poisoning, leading to fever, abdominal cramps, and vomiting.
• HIV: Initially flu-like symptoms, can progress to AIDS if not controlled by antiretroviral drugs.
• Gonorrhea: A sexually transmitted disease causing thick green discharge and pain when urinating.
• Malaria: Transmitted by mosquitoes, causes recurrent fever and can be fatal.

Quote: "HIV damages the immune system so badly, it can no longer deal with infections or cancers."

This information is essential for answering GCSE Biology communicable diseases exam questions.