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AS Biology Unit 1 Revision Notes: Lifestyle, Health, Risk, Water Properties & Carbs PDF + GCSE/AQA/Edexcel

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AS Biology Unit 1 Revision Notes: Lifestyle, Health, Risk, Water Properties & Carbs PDF + GCSE/AQA/Edexcel
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@sistermaple

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AS Biology Unit 1 Revision Notes: Lifestyle, Health and Risk covers key topics in biology including properties of water, carbohydrates, lipids, and the circulatory system. This comprehensive guide provides detailed explanations of molecular structures, biological functions, and important chemical reactions relevant to AS level biology.

18/02/2023

283

AS Biology Revision Notes - Unit 1
Water:
*
*
*
*
Topic 1: Lifestyle, Health, and Risk
Water molecules are non-linear and polar molecules be

Lipids and Circulatory System

Lipids play various roles in biological systems:

  1. Phospholipids: Form cell membranes
  2. Cholesterol: Important for cell membranes, sex hormones, and bile salts
  3. Triglycerides: Energy storage, insulation, protection, buoyancy, and hormone synthesis

Highlight: The presence of double bonds in unsaturated fats creates "kinks" in the fatty acid chains, affecting their physical properties such as melting point.

The circulatory system is essential for multicellular organisms:

  • Diffusion is insufficient for large organisms
  • Blood carries substances throughout the body
  • The heart pumps blood through the circulatory system

Definition: Diffusion - The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

This section of the AS biology unit 1 revision notes lifestyle health risk pdf provides a comprehensive overview of key biological molecules and systems, essential for understanding the foundations of biology at the AS level.

AS Biology Revision Notes - Unit 1
Water:
*
*
*
*
Topic 1: Lifestyle, Health, and Risk
Water molecules are non-linear and polar molecules be

View

Polysaccharides and Lipids in Biology

Polysaccharides are long chains of glucose molecules with specific structures and functions:

  1. Glycogen:

    • Found in muscle and liver cells for energy storage
    • Made of alpha glucose units with 1,4 and 1,6 links, forming branches
    • Insoluble and compact
  2. Starch:

    • Found in plant cells for energy storage
    • Composed of amylose (long chain with 1,4 links) and amylopectin (similar to glycogen)
    • Insoluble and compact
  3. Cellulose:

    • Main component of plant cell walls
    • Made from beta glucose units
    • Forms strong fibrils due to hydrogen bonding between chains

Definition: Condensation reaction - A chemical reaction in which two molecules combine to form a larger molecule, releasing water in the process.

Lipids, particularly triglycerides, are another important class of biomolecules:

  • Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
  • Insoluble in water
  • Formed by condensation of glycerol and three fatty acids
  • Used for long-term energy storage and insulation

Vocabulary: Ester bond - A chemical bond formed between a fatty acid and glycerol in triglycerides.

Fatty acids can be:

  • Saturated (no double bonds)
  • Monounsaturated (one double bond)
  • Polyunsaturated (multiple double bonds)

Example: Olive oil contains monounsaturated fats, while fish oils are rich in polyunsaturated fats.

AS Biology Revision Notes - Unit 1
Water:
*
*
*
*
Topic 1: Lifestyle, Health, and Risk
Water molecules are non-linear and polar molecules be

View

Water and Carbohydrates in Biology

Water is a crucial molecule in biology due to its unique properties. Properties of water A level Biology include:

  • Non-linear, polar structure due to differences in atom size and electronegativity
  • Formation of hydrogen bonds between molecules
  • Excellent solvent capabilities
  • Lower density as a solid (ice)
  • High specific heat capacity
  • Transparency

Highlight: These properties make water essential for life, allowing for processes like photosynthesis and maintaining stable temperatures in organisms.

Carbohydrates are vital biomolecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They are classified into:

  1. Monosaccharides (single sugar units)
  2. Disaccharides (two sugar units joined by a glycosidic bond)
  3. Oligosaccharides (3-10 sugar units)
  4. Polysaccharides (long chains of glucose molecules)

Example: Glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples of monosaccharides, while maltose, sucrose, and lactose are disaccharides.

Carbohydrates serve important biological functions:

  • Fuel for respiration (glucose)
  • Energy storage (starch and glycogen)
  • Structural components (cellulose)

Vocabulary: Glycosidic bond - A chemical bond that joins carbohydrate molecules together.

AS Biology Revision Notes - Unit 1
Water:
*
*
*
*
Topic 1: Lifestyle, Health, and Risk
Water molecules are non-linear and polar molecules be

View

AS Biology Revision Notes - Unit 1
Water:
*
*
*
*
Topic 1: Lifestyle, Health, and Risk
Water molecules are non-linear and polar molecules be

View

AS Biology Revision Notes - Unit 1
Water:
*
*
*
*
Topic 1: Lifestyle, Health, and Risk
Water molecules are non-linear and polar molecules be

View

AS Biology Revision Notes - Unit 1
Water:
*
*
*
*
Topic 1: Lifestyle, Health, and Risk
Water molecules are non-linear and polar molecules be

View

AS Biology Revision Notes - Unit 1
Water:
*
*
*
*
Topic 1: Lifestyle, Health, and Risk
Water molecules are non-linear and polar molecules be

View

AS Biology Revision Notes - Unit 1
Water:
*
*
*
*
Topic 1: Lifestyle, Health, and Risk
Water molecules are non-linear and polar molecules be

View

AS Biology Revision Notes - Unit 1
Water:
*
*
*
*
Topic 1: Lifestyle, Health, and Risk
Water molecules are non-linear and polar molecules be

View

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the #1 education app in five European countries

Knowunity has been named a featured story on Apple and has regularly topped the app store charts in the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Ranked #1 Education App

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Knowunity is the #1 education app in five European countries

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Average app rating

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Pupils love Knowunity

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950 K+

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Still not convinced? See what other students are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much, I also use it daily. I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a D to an A with it :D

Philip, iOS User

The app is very simple and well designed. So far I have always found everything I was looking for :D

Lena, iOS user

I love this app ❤️ I actually use it every time I study.

AS Biology Unit 1 Revision Notes: Lifestyle, Health, Risk, Water Properties & Carbs PDF + GCSE/AQA/Edexcel

user profile picture

sm

@sistermaple

·

3 Followers

Follow

AS Biology Unit 1 Revision Notes: Lifestyle, Health and Risk covers key topics in biology including properties of water, carbohydrates, lipids, and the circulatory system. This comprehensive guide provides detailed explanations of molecular structures, biological functions, and important chemical reactions relevant to AS level biology.

18/02/2023

283

 

12/13

 

Biology

17

AS Biology Revision Notes - Unit 1
Water:
*
*
*
*
Topic 1: Lifestyle, Health, and Risk
Water molecules are non-linear and polar molecules be

Lipids and Circulatory System

Lipids play various roles in biological systems:

  1. Phospholipids: Form cell membranes
  2. Cholesterol: Important for cell membranes, sex hormones, and bile salts
  3. Triglycerides: Energy storage, insulation, protection, buoyancy, and hormone synthesis

Highlight: The presence of double bonds in unsaturated fats creates "kinks" in the fatty acid chains, affecting their physical properties such as melting point.

The circulatory system is essential for multicellular organisms:

  • Diffusion is insufficient for large organisms
  • Blood carries substances throughout the body
  • The heart pumps blood through the circulatory system

Definition: Diffusion - The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

This section of the AS biology unit 1 revision notes lifestyle health risk pdf provides a comprehensive overview of key biological molecules and systems, essential for understanding the foundations of biology at the AS level.

AS Biology Revision Notes - Unit 1
Water:
*
*
*
*
Topic 1: Lifestyle, Health, and Risk
Water molecules are non-linear and polar molecules be

Polysaccharides and Lipids in Biology

Polysaccharides are long chains of glucose molecules with specific structures and functions:

  1. Glycogen:

    • Found in muscle and liver cells for energy storage
    • Made of alpha glucose units with 1,4 and 1,6 links, forming branches
    • Insoluble and compact
  2. Starch:

    • Found in plant cells for energy storage
    • Composed of amylose (long chain with 1,4 links) and amylopectin (similar to glycogen)
    • Insoluble and compact
  3. Cellulose:

    • Main component of plant cell walls
    • Made from beta glucose units
    • Forms strong fibrils due to hydrogen bonding between chains

Definition: Condensation reaction - A chemical reaction in which two molecules combine to form a larger molecule, releasing water in the process.

Lipids, particularly triglycerides, are another important class of biomolecules:

  • Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
  • Insoluble in water
  • Formed by condensation of glycerol and three fatty acids
  • Used for long-term energy storage and insulation

Vocabulary: Ester bond - A chemical bond formed between a fatty acid and glycerol in triglycerides.

Fatty acids can be:

  • Saturated (no double bonds)
  • Monounsaturated (one double bond)
  • Polyunsaturated (multiple double bonds)

Example: Olive oil contains monounsaturated fats, while fish oils are rich in polyunsaturated fats.

AS Biology Revision Notes - Unit 1
Water:
*
*
*
*
Topic 1: Lifestyle, Health, and Risk
Water molecules are non-linear and polar molecules be

Water and Carbohydrates in Biology

Water is a crucial molecule in biology due to its unique properties. Properties of water A level Biology include:

  • Non-linear, polar structure due to differences in atom size and electronegativity
  • Formation of hydrogen bonds between molecules
  • Excellent solvent capabilities
  • Lower density as a solid (ice)
  • High specific heat capacity
  • Transparency

Highlight: These properties make water essential for life, allowing for processes like photosynthesis and maintaining stable temperatures in organisms.

Carbohydrates are vital biomolecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They are classified into:

  1. Monosaccharides (single sugar units)
  2. Disaccharides (two sugar units joined by a glycosidic bond)
  3. Oligosaccharides (3-10 sugar units)
  4. Polysaccharides (long chains of glucose molecules)

Example: Glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples of monosaccharides, while maltose, sucrose, and lactose are disaccharides.

Carbohydrates serve important biological functions:

  • Fuel for respiration (glucose)
  • Energy storage (starch and glycogen)
  • Structural components (cellulose)

Vocabulary: Glycosidic bond - A chemical bond that joins carbohydrate molecules together.

AS Biology Revision Notes - Unit 1
Water:
*
*
*
*
Topic 1: Lifestyle, Health, and Risk
Water molecules are non-linear and polar molecules be
AS Biology Revision Notes - Unit 1
Water:
*
*
*
*
Topic 1: Lifestyle, Health, and Risk
Water molecules are non-linear and polar molecules be
AS Biology Revision Notes - Unit 1
Water:
*
*
*
*
Topic 1: Lifestyle, Health, and Risk
Water molecules are non-linear and polar molecules be
AS Biology Revision Notes - Unit 1
Water:
*
*
*
*
Topic 1: Lifestyle, Health, and Risk
Water molecules are non-linear and polar molecules be
AS Biology Revision Notes - Unit 1
Water:
*
*
*
*
Topic 1: Lifestyle, Health, and Risk
Water molecules are non-linear and polar molecules be
AS Biology Revision Notes - Unit 1
Water:
*
*
*
*
Topic 1: Lifestyle, Health, and Risk
Water molecules are non-linear and polar molecules be
AS Biology Revision Notes - Unit 1
Water:
*
*
*
*
Topic 1: Lifestyle, Health, and Risk
Water molecules are non-linear and polar molecules be

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the #1 education app in five European countries

Knowunity has been named a featured story on Apple and has regularly topped the app store charts in the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Ranked #1 Education App

Download in

Google Play

Download in

App Store

Knowunity is the #1 education app in five European countries

4.9+

Average app rating

13 M

Pupils love Knowunity

#1

In education app charts in 12 countries

950 K+

Students have uploaded notes

Still not convinced? See what other students are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much, I also use it daily. I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a D to an A with it :D

Philip, iOS User

The app is very simple and well designed. So far I have always found everything I was looking for :D

Lena, iOS user

I love this app ❤️ I actually use it every time I study.