Structure and Function of DNA and RNA in Biology - A comprehensive guide exploring the fundamental components, structures, and roles of nucleic acids in living organisms.
• DNA and RNA are essential nucleic acids found in all living cells, with DNA storing genetic information and RNA facilitating protein synthesis
• The basic building blocks are nucleotides, consisting of a pentose sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base
• Key structural differences include the sugar type (deoxyribose in DNA, ribose in RNA) and base composition (thymine in DNA, uracil in RNA)
• Polynucleotide chains form through phosphodiester bonds, creating the characteristic sugar-phosphate backbone
• DNA's unique double helix structure is maintained by specific base pairing rules
