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AQA A Level Biology: Structure of DNA and RNA Notes

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Lucy

13/11/2022

Biology

AQA A level biology structure of DNA and RNA notes

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Biological molecules

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Nucleic acids are important information-carrying molecules

AQA A Level Biology: Structure of DNA and RNA Notes

Structure and Function of DNA and RNA in Biology - A comprehensive guide exploring the fundamental components, structures, and roles of nucleic acids in living organisms.

• DNA and RNA are essential nucleic acids found in all living cells, with DNA storing genetic information and RNA facilitating protein synthesis
• The basic building blocks are nucleotides, consisting of a pentose sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base
• Key structural differences include the sugar type (deoxyribose in DNA, ribose in RNA) and base composition (thymine in DNA, uracil in RNA)
• Polynucleotide chains form through phosphodiester bonds, creating the characteristic sugar-phosphate backbone
• DNA's unique double helix structure is maintained by specific base pairing rules

...

13/11/2022

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<p>DNA and RNA are both types of nucleic acid found in all living cells. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is used to store genetic informatio

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Nucleotide Composition and Structure

This section details the specific components of DNA and RNA nucleotides, highlighting the key differences in their structure of DNA and RNA a level biology.

Example: The four DNA bases are adenine AA, thymine TT, cytosine CC, and guanine GG, while RNA replaces thymine with uracil UU.

Definition: A polynucleotide is formed when multiple nucleotides join together through condensation reactions.

Highlight: The sugar-phosphate backbone is created when nucleotides join via phosphodiester bonds between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the sugar of another.

<p>DNA and RNA are both types of nucleic acid found in all living cells. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is used to store genetic informatio

View

DNA Double Helix Structure and Base Pairing

This section explores the intricate details of DNA's double helix structure and the principles of base pairing, essential concepts in understanding structure of DNA a level biology AQA.

Definition: Complementary base pairing is the specific matching of bases where adenine pairs with thymine A−TA-T and cytosine pairs with guanine C−GC-G.

Highlight: The DNA double helix is formed by two antiparallel polynucleotide strands held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.

Example: Base pairing follows specific rules: A-T pairs form two hydrogen bonds, while C-G pairs form three hydrogen bonds, contributing to DNA stability.

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Subjects

Biology

Biological molecules

Nucleic acids are important information-carrying molecules

 

Biology

•

679

•

13 Nov 2022

•

3 pages

AQA A Level Biology: Structure of DNA and RNA Notes

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Lucy

@lucy_sldh

Structure and Function of DNA and RNA in Biology - A comprehensive guide exploring the fundamental components, structures, and roles of nucleic acids in living organisms.

• DNA and RNAare essential nucleic acids found in all living cells, with... Show more

<p>DNA and RNA are both types of nucleic acid found in all living cells. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is used to store genetic informatio

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Nucleotide Composition and Structure

This section details the specific components of DNA and RNA nucleotides, highlighting the key differences in their structure of DNA and RNA a level biology.

Example: The four DNA bases are adenine AA, thymine TT, cytosine CC, and guanine GG, while RNA replaces thymine with uracil UU.

Definition: A polynucleotide is formed when multiple nucleotides join together through condensation reactions.

Highlight: The sugar-phosphate backbone is created when nucleotides join via phosphodiester bonds between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the sugar of another.

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DNA Double Helix Structure and Base Pairing

This section explores the intricate details of DNA's double helix structure and the principles of base pairing, essential concepts in understanding structure of DNA a level biology AQA.

Definition: Complementary base pairing is the specific matching of bases where adenine pairs with thymine A−TA-T and cytosine pairs with guanine C−GC-G.

Highlight: The DNA double helix is formed by two antiparallel polynucleotide strands held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.

Example: Base pairing follows specific rules: A-T pairs form two hydrogen bonds, while C-G pairs form three hydrogen bonds, contributing to DNA stability.

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Fundamentals of DNA and RNA Structure

This section introduces the basic components and functions of nucleic acids in biological systems. The text explains how DNA function a level biology relates to information storage, while RNA serves as an information transfer molecule.

Definition: Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides that carry genetic information in all living cells.

Vocabulary: A nucleotide consists of three components: a pentose sugar, a nitrogen-containing organic base, and a phosphate group.

Highlight: DNA nucleotides specifically contain deoxyribose sugar, while all nucleotides share the common feature of having a phosphate group.

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