Maths
Chemistry
Biology
English Language
History
Responding to change (a2 only)
Infection and response
Homeostasis and response
Energy transfers (a2 only)
Cell biology
Organisms respond to changes in their internal and external environments (a-level only)
Biological molecules
Organisation
Substance exchange
Bioenergetics
Genetic information & variation
Inheritance, variation and evolution
Genetics & ecosystems (a2 only)
Ecology
Cells
Show all topics
Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
The cold war
Inter-war germany
Medieval period: 1066 -1509
2d religious conflict and the church in england, c1529-c1570
2o democracy and nazism: germany, 1918-1945
1f industrialisation and the people: britain, c1783-1885
1c the tudors: england, 1485-1603
2m wars and welfare: britain in transition, 1906-1957
World war two & the holocaust
2n revolution and dictatorship: russia, 1917-1953
2s the making of modern britain, 1951-2007
World war one
Britain: 1509 -1745
Show all topics
Biology
13 Dec 2025
1,195
7 pages
gmelonergan @gmelonergan_pquc
The cell cycle and mitosis are fundamental processes in biology, involving cell growth, DNA replication, and division to... Show more
Stages of mitosis GCSE AQA are crucial for understanding cell division. Mitosis is the asexual reproduction of diploid cells, producing two genetically identical daughter cells. This process is faster than sexual reproduction but doesn't allow for genetic variation.
The cell cycle consists of two main phases
The 4 stages of mitosis are
Cytokinesis follows, separating the two new cells.
Definition Diploid cells have two copies of each chromosome.
Highlight Understanding the stages of mitosis GCSE AQA is essential for grasping how organisms grow and reproduce at a cellular level.
Growth in animals and plants involves an increase in cell number through mitosis, followed by cell differentiation.
For animals
For plants
Example Root hair cells and xylem cells are examples of specialized plant cells.
Vocabulary Meristems are groups of rapidly dividing cells near the tips of shoots and roots.
Growth in plants gcse Biology involves calculating percentage change using the formula / starting value * 100
Highlight Understanding growth in animals vs plants comparison gcse biology questions is crucial for comprehending different growth patterns in living organisms.
Stem cells are unspecialized cells capable of dividing and differentiating into various cell types. There are two main types
The brain is a complex organ with several key structures
Definition The pituitary gland is often called the "master gland" due to its role in controlling other glands.
Highlight Understanding Gcse biology study notes on brain structure and functions pdf is essential for grasping how the nervous system operates.
Brain imaging techniques provide valuable insights into brain structure and function
The nervous system allows communication throughout the body using electrical impulses. Key components include
Vocabulary Neurotransmission is the process of transmitting electrical impulses through neurons.
Highlight Gcse biology study notes on brain structure and functions aqa often emphasize the importance of understanding different neuron types and their roles.
The eye is a complex sensory organ with several key structures
Common vision problems include
Example In myopia, images are focused in front of the retina instead of directly on it.
Highlight Understanding Brain diagram GCSE AQA and eye structure is crucial for comprehending how visual information is processed.
The brain coordinates responses to stimuli by sending impulses to effectors (e.g., muscles and glands) through neurons. Different types of neurons play specific roles in this process
Vocabulary Effectors are organs or tissues that carry out responses to stimuli, such as muscles contracting or glands secreting hormones.
Highlight Understanding neurotransmission speeds and the coordination of responses is crucial for GCSE biology study notes on brain structure and functions aqa.
Stages of mitosis GCSE AQA and cell biology are crucial topics in GCSE Biology, covering cell division, growth, and specialized structures.
Key points
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
41
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Explore the structure and function of the human eye, including myopia, hyperopia, and the role of the iris, lens, and retina in vision. This summary covers key concepts such as light refraction, accommodation, and the visual process, essential for GCSE biology students.
BiologyExplore the intricate structures of the eye and brain, including common defects like myopia and hyperopia, and their corrective treatments. This summary covers key concepts such as eye anatomy, brain structure, and neuroimaging techniques, providing a comprehensive overview for students studying human biology.
BiologyExplore the anatomy and functions of the human eye with detailed diagrams and explanations of key components such as the cornea, iris, lens, and retina. This summary is tailored for GCSE students and is applicable across various exam boards.
BiologyExplore the intricate anatomy of the human eye, including the roles of the cornea, lens, retina, and ciliary muscles. Understand common vision defects such as myopia and hyperopia, their causes, and corrective measures like lenses and laser surgery. This summary is ideal for GCSE AQA Biology students preparing for exams.
BiologyExplore the anatomy and function of the human eye in this GCSE AQA Biology summary. Key topics include the cornea, retina, fovea, cones and rods, and the mechanisms of accommodation. Understand conditions like myopia and hyperopia, and how the eye adapts to different light conditions through circular and radial muscles.
BiologyExplore the structure and function of the human nervous system, including neurons, reflex arcs, and the adaptation of the eye. This summary covers key concepts such as neural transmission, synapses, and the anatomy of the eye, providing essential insights for AQA GCSE students.
BiologyApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
gmelonergan
@gmelonergan_pquc
The cell cycle and mitosis are fundamental processes in biology, involving cell growth, DNA replication, and division to produce genetically identical daughter cells. This summary covers key concepts in cell division, growth in animals and plants, stem cells, brain structure... Show more
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Stages of mitosis GCSE AQA are crucial for understanding cell division. Mitosis is the asexual reproduction of diploid cells, producing two genetically identical daughter cells. This process is faster than sexual reproduction but doesn't allow for genetic variation.
The cell cycle consists of two main phases:
The 4 stages of mitosis are:
Cytokinesis follows, separating the two new cells.
Definition: Diploid cells have two copies of each chromosome.
Highlight: Understanding the stages of mitosis GCSE AQA is essential for grasping how organisms grow and reproduce at a cellular level.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Growth in animals and plants involves an increase in cell number through mitosis, followed by cell differentiation.
For animals:
For plants:
Example: Root hair cells and xylem cells are examples of specialized plant cells.
Vocabulary: Meristems are groups of rapidly dividing cells near the tips of shoots and roots.
Growth in plants gcse Biology involves calculating percentage change using the formula: / starting value * 100
Highlight: Understanding growth in animals vs plants comparison gcse biology questions is crucial for comprehending different growth patterns in living organisms.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Stem cells are unspecialized cells capable of dividing and differentiating into various cell types. There are two main types:
The brain is a complex organ with several key structures:
Definition: The pituitary gland is often called the "master gland" due to its role in controlling other glands.
Highlight: Understanding Gcse biology study notes on brain structure and functions pdf is essential for grasping how the nervous system operates.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Brain imaging techniques provide valuable insights into brain structure and function:
The nervous system allows communication throughout the body using electrical impulses. Key components include:
Vocabulary: Neurotransmission is the process of transmitting electrical impulses through neurons.
Highlight: Gcse biology study notes on brain structure and functions aqa often emphasize the importance of understanding different neuron types and their roles.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The eye is a complex sensory organ with several key structures:
Common vision problems include:
Example: In myopia, images are focused in front of the retina instead of directly on it.
Highlight: Understanding Brain diagram GCSE AQA and eye structure is crucial for comprehending how visual information is processed.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The brain coordinates responses to stimuli by sending impulses to effectors (e.g., muscles and glands) through neurons. Different types of neurons play specific roles in this process:
Vocabulary: Effectors are organs or tissues that carry out responses to stimuli, such as muscles contracting or glands secreting hormones.
Highlight: Understanding neurotransmission speeds and the coordination of responses is crucial for GCSE biology study notes on brain structure and functions aqa.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Stages of mitosis GCSE AQA and cell biology are crucial topics in GCSE Biology, covering cell division, growth, and specialized structures.
Key points:
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
41
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Explore the structure and function of the human eye, including myopia, hyperopia, and the role of the iris, lens, and retina in vision. This summary covers key concepts such as light refraction, accommodation, and the visual process, essential for GCSE biology students.
BiologyExplore the intricate structures of the eye and brain, including common defects like myopia and hyperopia, and their corrective treatments. This summary covers key concepts such as eye anatomy, brain structure, and neuroimaging techniques, providing a comprehensive overview for students studying human biology.
BiologyExplore the anatomy and functions of the human eye with detailed diagrams and explanations of key components such as the cornea, iris, lens, and retina. This summary is tailored for GCSE students and is applicable across various exam boards.
BiologyExplore the intricate anatomy of the human eye, including the roles of the cornea, lens, retina, and ciliary muscles. Understand common vision defects such as myopia and hyperopia, their causes, and corrective measures like lenses and laser surgery. This summary is ideal for GCSE AQA Biology students preparing for exams.
BiologyExplore the anatomy and function of the human eye in this GCSE AQA Biology summary. Key topics include the cornea, retina, fovea, cones and rods, and the mechanisms of accommodation. Understand conditions like myopia and hyperopia, and how the eye adapts to different light conditions through circular and radial muscles.
BiologyExplore the structure and function of the human nervous system, including neurons, reflex arcs, and the adaptation of the eye. This summary covers key concepts such as neural transmission, synapses, and the anatomy of the eye, providing essential insights for AQA GCSE students.
BiologyApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Sociology