Understanding Psychopathology: Definitions of Abnormality and Their Clinical Applications
The field of Psychopathology encompasses various approaches to understanding abnormal behavior. When examining abnormality, psychologists utilize four main definitional frameworks that help identify and classify psychological disorders.
Statistical infrequency represents behaviors or characteristics that deviate significantly from the population norm. While this definition provides quantifiable measurements, it presents limitations in clinical applications. For instance, having an exceptionally high IQ is statistically unusual but isn't considered pathological.
Definition: Statistical infrequency refers to characteristics or behaviors that occur rarely in the general population, typically falling at the extreme ends of a normal distribution curve.
Deviation from social norms offers another perspective on abnormality, focusing on behaviors that conflict with societal standards. This definition proves particularly relevant for disorders like antisocial personality disorder (APD), where individuals consistently violate social expectations.
Highlight: Cultural context significantly influences what's considered "normal" behavior, making this definition highly dependent on specific societies and time periods.
The failure to function adequately framework examines an individual's ability to maintain basic life functions and relationships. This approach, supported by Rosenhan and Seligman's research, considers multiple indicators including severe psychological distress, dangerous behaviors, and inability to follow social rules.