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Understanding the Multi Store Model (MSM) - Evaluation and Case Studies

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minahel

22/02/2023

Psychology

MSM evaluation research ao1 and ao3

Understanding the Multi Store Model (MSM) - Evaluation and Case Studies

The Multi Store Model of Memory (MSM) is a fundamental psychological theory supported and challenged by various research studies, demonstrating how information moves through different memory stores.

  • Research by Glanzer and Cunitz (1966) supports MSM through the serial position effect
  • Case studies of H.M. and Clive Wearing provide crucial evidence about memory store separation
  • Baddeley's research demonstrates distinct coding mechanisms in STM and LTM
  • Sperling's study validates the existence of sensory memory
  • The KF case study challenges the single STM store assumption
...

22/02/2023

476

MULTI-STORE MODEL
OF MEMORY (MSM)
EVALUATION AO3
966 Glanzer and Cunitz 1966
Ao1
• This research supports the MSM
• Procedure: participants

View

The Case Study of HM: Supporting the Multi-Store Model

The case of patient HM, studied by Milner, offers compelling support for the multi-store model of memory. This case study provides crucial insights into the separation of short-term and long-term memory stores.

Key Points:

  • HM underwent surgery to remove his hippocampus, which severely impacted his ability to form new long-term memories.
  • Despite the damage to long-term memory, HM's short-term memory remained largely intact.
  • HM could not remember personal or public events that occurred after his surgery, demonstrating the impact on long-term memory formation.

Evaluation:

  • The case supports the multi-store model's assumption of separate short-term and long-term memory stores.
  • HM's ability to maintain information in short-term memory while being unable to form new long-term memories provides strong evidence for the distinction between these stores.
  • The study demonstrates that damage to one memory store longtermmemorylong-term memory does not necessarily affect the functioning of another shorttermmemoryshort-term memory.

Example: HM could not remember the death of his parents or major historical events like the Vietnam War, yet he could recall information presented to him immediately, showing intact short-term memory.

Highlight: This case study is particularly significant as it provides real-world evidence for the theoretical model, demonstrating how brain damage can selectively impact different memory stores.

MULTI-STORE MODEL
OF MEMORY (MSM)
EVALUATION AO3
966 Glanzer and Cunitz 1966
Ao1
• This research supports the MSM
• Procedure: participants

View

Baddeley's Research on Memory Coding

Baddeley's study on memory coding provides further support for the multi-store model of memory by demonstrating differences in how information is encoded in short-term memory STMSTM and long-term memory LTMLTM.

Key Findings:

  • Short-term memory primarily uses acoustic coding basedonsoundbased on sound.
  • Long-term memory primarily uses semantic coding basedonmeaningbased on meaning.

Vocabulary:

  • Acoustic coding: Encoding information based on how it sounds.
  • Semantic coding: Encoding information based on its meaning.

Evaluation:

  • This research supports the multi-store model by showing that STM and LTM use different coding methods.
  • The distinct encoding processes provide evidence that STM and LTM are separate and independent stores.
  • If STM and LTM were part of the same system, we would expect similar coding methods, but Baddeley's research shows this is not the case.

Example: In STM, words that sound similar like"cat"and"mat"like "cat" and "mat" are more likely to be confused, while in LTM, words with similar meanings like"happy"and"joyful"like "happy" and "joyful" are more likely to be confused.

This study strengthens the multi-store model's assumption that short-term and long-term memory are distinct systems with different characteristics and processes.

MULTI-STORE MODEL
OF MEMORY (MSM)
EVALUATION AO3
966 Glanzer and Cunitz 1966
Ao1
• This research supports the MSM
• Procedure: participants

View

Sperling's Study on Sensory Memory

Sperling's research provides crucial evidence for the existence of sensory memory, supporting the multi-store model of memory MSMMSM by demonstrating the characteristics of the sensory store.

Procedure:

  • Participants viewed a screen where rows of letters were flashed very briefly 1/20thofasecond1/20th of a second.
  • After the screen went blank, participants were asked to recall as many letters as possible.

Key Findings:

  • Information in the sensory store decays very rapidly, typically within less than half a second.

Evaluation:

  • This study supports the MSM by providing evidence for a distinct sensory store.
  • The rapid decay of information in the sensory store distinguishes it from short-term memory STMSTM.
  • If the information were held in STM, participants would likely have been able to remember the presented stimuli for a longer duration.

Highlight: Sperling's study is crucial in establishing the existence and characteristics of sensory memory, which is the first stage in the multi-store model.

Example: If you close your eyes immediately after looking at a bright light, you may still "see" an afterimage for a brief moment. This is an example of sensory memory in action.

This research contributes to our understanding of how information is initially processed before entering short-term memory, supporting the multi-store model's conceptualization of memory as a series of distinct stores.

MULTI-STORE MODEL
OF MEMORY (MSM)
EVALUATION AO3
966 Glanzer and Cunitz 1966
Ao1
• This research supports the MSM
• Procedure: participants

View

Page 5: Sperling's Research

This page details Sperling's experimental work on sensory memory.

Example: Participants viewed briefly flashed letters and had to recall them immediately.

Vocabulary: Sensory store refers to the initial memory system where sensory information is briefly held.

Highlight: The rapid decay of information lessthanhalfasecondless than half a second in Sperling's experiments supports the existence of a separate sensory store.

MULTI-STORE MODEL
OF MEMORY (MSM)
EVALUATION AO3
966 Glanzer and Cunitz 1966
Ao1
• This research supports the MSM
• Procedure: participants

View

Page 5: Sperling's Study

Sperling's research provides evidence for the sensory store component of the Atkinson and Shiffrin model of memory.

Example: Participants viewed briefly flashed letters and had to recall them immediately.

Highlight: The study showed that sensory memory decays within half a second, supporting the existence of a separate sensory store.

MULTI-STORE MODEL
OF MEMORY (MSM)
EVALUATION AO3
966 Glanzer and Cunitz 1966
Ao1
• This research supports the MSM
• Procedure: participants

View

Page 6: Shallice and Warrington's KF Case

The KF case study challenges the traditional MSM by suggesting multiple STM components.

Highlight: KF's selective STM impairment - poor auditory digit recall but better visual recall - challenges the concept of a unified STM store.

Definition: This case demonstrates that STM might consist of multiple processing systems rather than a single store.

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Psychology

476

22 Feb 2023

7 pages

Understanding the Multi Store Model (MSM) - Evaluation and Case Studies

user profile picture

minahel

@minakhan_pjaf

The Multi Store Model of Memory (MSM) is a fundamental psychological theory supported and challenged by various research studies, demonstrating how information moves through different memory stores.

  • Research by Glanzer and Cunitz (1966) supports MSM through the serial position effect... Show more

MULTI-STORE MODEL
OF MEMORY (MSM)
EVALUATION AO3
966 Glanzer and Cunitz 1966
Ao1
• This research supports the MSM
• Procedure: participants

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The Case Study of HM: Supporting the Multi-Store Model

The case of patient HM, studied by Milner, offers compelling support for the multi-store model of memory. This case study provides crucial insights into the separation of short-term and long-term memory stores.

Key Points:

  • HM underwent surgery to remove his hippocampus, which severely impacted his ability to form new long-term memories.
  • Despite the damage to long-term memory, HM's short-term memory remained largely intact.
  • HM could not remember personal or public events that occurred after his surgery, demonstrating the impact on long-term memory formation.

Evaluation:

  • The case supports the multi-store model's assumption of separate short-term and long-term memory stores.
  • HM's ability to maintain information in short-term memory while being unable to form new long-term memories provides strong evidence for the distinction between these stores.
  • The study demonstrates that damage to one memory store longtermmemorylong-term memory does not necessarily affect the functioning of another shorttermmemoryshort-term memory.

Example: HM could not remember the death of his parents or major historical events like the Vietnam War, yet he could recall information presented to him immediately, showing intact short-term memory.

Highlight: This case study is particularly significant as it provides real-world evidence for the theoretical model, demonstrating how brain damage can selectively impact different memory stores.

MULTI-STORE MODEL
OF MEMORY (MSM)
EVALUATION AO3
966 Glanzer and Cunitz 1966
Ao1
• This research supports the MSM
• Procedure: participants

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Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Baddeley's Research on Memory Coding

Baddeley's study on memory coding provides further support for the multi-store model of memory by demonstrating differences in how information is encoded in short-term memory STMSTM and long-term memory LTMLTM.

Key Findings:

  • Short-term memory primarily uses acoustic coding basedonsoundbased on sound.
  • Long-term memory primarily uses semantic coding basedonmeaningbased on meaning.

Vocabulary:

  • Acoustic coding: Encoding information based on how it sounds.
  • Semantic coding: Encoding information based on its meaning.

Evaluation:

  • This research supports the multi-store model by showing that STM and LTM use different coding methods.
  • The distinct encoding processes provide evidence that STM and LTM are separate and independent stores.
  • If STM and LTM were part of the same system, we would expect similar coding methods, but Baddeley's research shows this is not the case.

Example: In STM, words that sound similar like"cat"and"mat"like "cat" and "mat" are more likely to be confused, while in LTM, words with similar meanings like"happy"and"joyful"like "happy" and "joyful" are more likely to be confused.

This study strengthens the multi-store model's assumption that short-term and long-term memory are distinct systems with different characteristics and processes.

MULTI-STORE MODEL
OF MEMORY (MSM)
EVALUATION AO3
966 Glanzer and Cunitz 1966
Ao1
• This research supports the MSM
• Procedure: participants

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Sperling's Study on Sensory Memory

Sperling's research provides crucial evidence for the existence of sensory memory, supporting the multi-store model of memory MSMMSM by demonstrating the characteristics of the sensory store.

Procedure:

  • Participants viewed a screen where rows of letters were flashed very briefly 1/20thofasecond1/20th of a second.
  • After the screen went blank, participants were asked to recall as many letters as possible.

Key Findings:

  • Information in the sensory store decays very rapidly, typically within less than half a second.

Evaluation:

  • This study supports the MSM by providing evidence for a distinct sensory store.
  • The rapid decay of information in the sensory store distinguishes it from short-term memory STMSTM.
  • If the information were held in STM, participants would likely have been able to remember the presented stimuli for a longer duration.

Highlight: Sperling's study is crucial in establishing the existence and characteristics of sensory memory, which is the first stage in the multi-store model.

Example: If you close your eyes immediately after looking at a bright light, you may still "see" an afterimage for a brief moment. This is an example of sensory memory in action.

This research contributes to our understanding of how information is initially processed before entering short-term memory, supporting the multi-store model's conceptualization of memory as a series of distinct stores.

MULTI-STORE MODEL
OF MEMORY (MSM)
EVALUATION AO3
966 Glanzer and Cunitz 1966
Ao1
• This research supports the MSM
• Procedure: participants

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Page 5: Sperling's Research

This page details Sperling's experimental work on sensory memory.

Example: Participants viewed briefly flashed letters and had to recall them immediately.

Vocabulary: Sensory store refers to the initial memory system where sensory information is briefly held.

Highlight: The rapid decay of information lessthanhalfasecondless than half a second in Sperling's experiments supports the existence of a separate sensory store.

MULTI-STORE MODEL
OF MEMORY (MSM)
EVALUATION AO3
966 Glanzer and Cunitz 1966
Ao1
• This research supports the MSM
• Procedure: participants

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Page 5: Sperling's Study

Sperling's research provides evidence for the sensory store component of the Atkinson and Shiffrin model of memory.

Example: Participants viewed briefly flashed letters and had to recall them immediately.

Highlight: The study showed that sensory memory decays within half a second, supporting the existence of a separate sensory store.

MULTI-STORE MODEL
OF MEMORY (MSM)
EVALUATION AO3
966 Glanzer and Cunitz 1966
Ao1
• This research supports the MSM
• Procedure: participants

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Improve your grades

Join milions of students

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Page 6: Shallice and Warrington's KF Case

The KF case study challenges the traditional MSM by suggesting multiple STM components.

Highlight: KF's selective STM impairment - poor auditory digit recall but better visual recall - challenges the concept of a unified STM store.

Definition: This case demonstrates that STM might consist of multiple processing systems rather than a single store.

MULTI-STORE MODEL
OF MEMORY (MSM)
EVALUATION AO3
966 Glanzer and Cunitz 1966
Ao1
• This research supports the MSM
• Procedure: participants

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Multi-Store Model of Memory: Glanzer and Cunitz Study (1966)

The Glanzer and Cunitz 19661966 study provides significant support for the multi-store model of memory. This research demonstrates the serial position effect, which aligns with the model's assumptions about short-term and long-term memory stores.

Procedure:

  • Participants listened to a list of words and were asked to recall them in any order.
  • Researchers observed a pattern in recall known as the serial position effect.

Definition: The serial position effect refers to the tendency to remember words at the beginning primacyeffectprimacy effect and end recencyeffectrecency effect of a list better than those in the middle.

Evaluation:

  • The study supports the multi-store model by showing evidence for separate short-term and long-term memory stores.
  • The primacy effect suggests that words at the beginning of the list are rehearsed and transferred to long-term memory.
  • The recency effect indicates that words at the end of the list are still in short-term memory.
  • Words in the middle of the list are less likely to be remembered due to lack of rehearsal or displacement from short-term memory.

Highlight: This research provides empirical evidence for the distinct nature of short-term and long-term memory stores, a key assumption of the multi-store model.

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Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

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