Page 4: Particle Model and States of Matter

This section explains the particle theory and properties of different states of matter.

Definition: The particle model is a theory explaining the properties and behaviors of solids, liquids, and gases.

Highlight: Brownian motion demonstrates the constant movement of particles in liquids and gases.

Example: Materials expand when heated because particles vibrate more vigorously, taking up more space.

Page 1: Energy Transfer Fundamentals

This page introduces the fundamental concepts of energy transfer and temperature relationships. The content explores how energy moves between objects and various transfer mechanisms.

Definition: Temperature is measured in degrees Celsius and represents the amount of energy stored in particles, measured in joules (J).

Highlight: Energy always transfers from hotter objects to cooler ones, following the fundamental laws of thermodynamics.

Example: During evaporation, the fastest-moving particles escape a liquid to form a gas, resulting in cooling of the remaining liquid.

Vocabulary: Radiation - A method of energy transfer through electromagnetic waves, particularly infrared radiation.