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29 Dec 2025

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2 pages

Understanding Ionic Bonding

Abbie Scott

@abbiescott0102

Understanding how atoms bond together is fundamental to chemistry -... Show more

# Bonding & Structure

Basic Information~
Group O nave full outer electron sheus.
Groups 1,2,3 are metal elements.
Groups 4,5,6,7 are nonmet

Bonding Basics & Ionic Formation

You'll find that Group 0 elements (noble gases) already have full outer electron shells, which is why they're so stable. Meanwhile, Groups 1-3 are metals that love to lose electrons, whilst Groups 4-7 are non-metals that prefer to gain them.

The magic number here is 8 electrons in the outer shell - atoms will do almost anything to achieve this stable arrangement. When metals meet non-metals, something brilliant happens: they swap electrons to both get what they want.

Ionic bonding occurs when metals lose electrons to become positively charged ions, whilst non-metals gain these electrons to become negatively charged ions. Take sodium chloride (table salt) - sodium gives up one electron to become Na+, and chlorine gratefully accepts it to become Cl-.

Quick Tip: Remember AEI for exam questions - describe the Atom first, then what happens to the Electron, then the Ion that forms. This structure will get you full marks every time!

Ionic Compound Properties

Ionic compounds don't just float around randomly - they form giant ionic lattice structures where millions of ions arrange themselves in perfect, repeating patterns. These structures are held together by incredibly strong forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions.

This super-strong bonding gives ionic compounds some predictable properties. They have high melting and boiling points because you need loads of energy to break apart all those attractions between ions. You literally have to overcome millions of tiny magnetic-like forces.

Here's something that trips up many students: ionic compounds can't conduct electricity when solid because the ions are locked in place. However, when you melt them, the ions become free to move around and carry electrical current.

Remember: The greater the charge on the ions, the stronger the forces between them, which means even higher melting points and stronger bonds overall.

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Chemistry

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29 Dec 2025

•

2 pages

Understanding Ionic Bonding

Abbie Scott

@abbiescott0102

Understanding how atoms bond together is fundamental to chemistry - it explains why salt dissolves in water, why metals conduct electricity, and how compounds form. This topic covers ionic bonding, where metals and non-metals transfer electrons to create charged particles... Show more

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Bonding Basics & Ionic Formation

Quick Tip: Remember AEI for exam questions - describe the Atom first, then what happens to the Electron, then the Ion that forms. This structure will get you full marks every time!

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Ionic Compound Properties

Remember: The greater the charge on the ions, the stronger the forces between them, which means even higher melting points and stronger bonds overall.