Piaget's theory of cognitive development, Dweck's theory of growth mindsets, Willingham's theory of learning styles.

What are the three theories of developmental psychology?

Children progress through universal and invariant stages of development.

What did Piaget's theory of cognitive development state?

Sensori-motor, Pre-operational, concrete operational, formal operational.

What are Piaget's 4 stages of development?

Explore the environment using senses, developed motor movement, towards the end of this stage they develop object permanence (the ability to understand that objects exist even when not visually present).

What skills develop in the sensori-motor stage?

Develop language skills, and mental representations of objects and events. Is egocentric (only see the world from their point of view). Also show animism (treating inanimate objects as through they too are alive) and lack of reversibility (unable to work backwards in their thinking).

What skills develop in the pre-operational stage?

What age is the concrete operational stage?

Develop the ability to decentrate (multiple aspects - e.g. letters for a word) and converse (the abilities understand that properties of objects remain the same even when changed in appearance). Develop linguistic humor but cannot imagine the world abstractly.

What skills develop in the concrete operational stage?

What age is the formal operational stage?

Children are capable of forming and testing hypothesis, understanding rules of formal logic and can solve abstract problems.

What skills develop in the formal operational stage?

1. Too reductionist ->  all the children go through the same stages based on maturation -> it ignores the roles of environment parents teachers peers etc. 2. Saying that stages are universal and invariant is over simplistic -> in some countries children learn to conserve much earlier due to survival.

Mindset relates to the way we think in relation to where our talents come from and whether these are changeable.

What did dweck believe the two mindset types to be?

The belief that intelligence can be developed through experiences and if we work hard and learn skills than our abilities and therefore our intelligence will improve.

The belief that intelligence is predefined and we are born with certain abilities. They tend to have a fear of failure as it reflects badly on their innate talents.

What did Dweck believe we should be praised for?

Focuses too much on the importance of nurture -> achievement is dependent on effort praise -> ignores biological learning difficulties and disabilities.

There is no evidence to support the view that individuals have preferences about how to learn - learning styles do not exist.

The meaning for learning - when in class most of the information that you are required to learn is not visual or auditory it is meaning based - most learning takes place through understanding the meaning.

What did Willingham argue the importance of?

Ignores innate fractions in development -> e.g. hearing or sight loss.

English (UK)

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Issy 

United Kingdom

DEFAULT (England)

Psychology

Developmental - Theories 

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