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Lozza
@lolabu
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The UK criminal justice system relies on several key agencies of social control to maintain law and order, prevent crime, and administer justice. This summary examines the roles, responsibilities, and operations of four major agencies: the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS), the Police Service, the Judiciary, and HM Prison Service (HMPS). Each plays a vital part in the criminal justice process, from investigation and prosecution to sentencing and rehabilitation.
14/05/2023
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The Police Service is a fundamental agency of social control in the UK, responsible for maintaining law and order and reducing crime. Their primary aims and objectives include:
To achieve these goals, the police work closely with communities and possess statutory powers of arrest, detention, search, and interview. These powers are primarily outlined in the Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE) 1984.
Definition: PACE 1984 - The Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984, which provides the legislative framework for police powers in England and Wales.
The police service's working practices involve:
Funding for the 43 geographic police forces in England and Wales primarily comes from central government grants, allocated through the annual Home Office Police Grant Report.
Highlight: The police service operates under a Code of Ethics that sets exemplary standards of behavior for all employees in policing.
The police philosophy is guided by principles of accountability, fairness, and honesty. Standards of professional behaviour for police officers include honesty and integrity, as well as showing authority, respect, and courtesy.
Quote: "The code of ethics sets and defines the exemplary standards of behaviour for everyone who works in policing."
Police forces handle all types of criminality, with general duty officers responding to emergency and non-emergency calls. Specialized departments exist for specific areas such as anti-terrorism, royal protection, firearms, and drug-related crimes.
The police service has a broad reach, with 45 territorial forces across the UK: 39 in England, 4 in Wales, and single forces in Scotland and Northern Ireland.
HM Prison Service (HMPS) is a crucial agency of social control in the UK, responsible for carrying out custodial sentences and attempting to rehabilitate offenders. The primary aims and objectives of HMPS are:
Highlight: The dual focus on punishment and rehabilitation underscores the complex role of the prison service in the criminal justice system.
Funding for HMPS comes primarily from government taxation. In the 2021/22 fiscal year, the UK spent £5.42 billion on the prison service. The average annual cost per prison place in 2020/21 was £48,162, which represented a £4,000 increase from the previous year.
Example: The high cost per prisoner reflects the resources required for secure containment, staff, healthcare, education, and rehabilitation programs.
The prison service operates different categories of prisons to accommodate various risk levels:
Vocabulary: Category A Prison - The highest security classification for prisons in the UK, housing offenders deemed to be highly dangerous to the public, police, or national security if they were to escape.
Working practices in HMPS involve a range of activities aimed at maintaining security, providing basic needs, and offering rehabilitation opportunities. While the full details of working practices are not provided in the transcript, they typically include:
It's worth noting that out of 123 prisons in the UK, 109 are run by Her Majesty's Prison Service, indicating that the majority of prisons are under direct government control.
Definition: Rehabilitation in the context of HMPS refers to the process of helping prisoners address the root causes of their criminal behavior and develop skills to live law-abiding lives upon release.
The prison service faces ongoing challenges in balancing its punitive role with its rehabilitative aims, all while managing overcrowding and budget constraints. The effectiveness of rehabilitation programs and recidivism rates are key areas of focus for HMPS and policymakers alike.
The Judiciary serves as a critical component of the UK's social control agencies, acting as an impartial arbiter in legal proceedings. The main aims and objectives of the Judiciary include:
Highlight: Under the Criminal Justice Act 2003, a judge can sit alone to decide a verdict and sentence in certain cases.
The Judiciary comprises judges, magistrates, tribunal members, and coroners. Their funding is determined independently by the Senior Salaries Review Body, ensuring financial autonomy from political influence.
The philosophy of the Judiciary is rooted in loyalty to the monarch (currently King Charles III) as the figurehead of the legal system. Judges take two important oaths:
Quote: "Judge must be loyal to king charles 111 as he is a figure head of the legal system whos name justice is carried out with lae being maintained"
Working practices of the Judiciary emphasize independence and impartiality:
The Judiciary deals with various types of criminality and offenders across different court levels:
Vocabulary: Either-way offenses - Crimes that can be tried either in the Magistrates' Court or the Crown Court, depending on their severity and the defendant's choice.
The reach of the Judiciary extends from local to national levels, with lower court judges handling local cases and the Supreme Court addressing matters of national significance.
The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) plays a crucial role in the UK criminal justice system as the principal prosecuting authority. Established by the Prosecution of Offences Act 1985, the CPS aims to promote independence in prosecutorial decisions.
The CPS has several key working practices:
Highlight: The CPS became the principal prosecution authority following the Prosecution of Offences Act 1985, taking over this role from the police to promote independence.
The CPS operates with a philosophy of being independent, fair, honest, open, and professional. It strives for excellence and treats all individuals with respect.
Funding for the CPS primarily comes from the government, with a budget of £663 million in 2021/22. The service also recovers assets, which can supplement its budget.
Example: The CPS prosecutes all types of offenders and criminality, from minor offenses to serious crimes. Complex cases are handled by the Central Casework Division.
The CPS has a national reach, operating across 14 geographical areas in England and Wales. Additionally, CPS Direct serves as a 15th area, providing 24/7 charging advice to police.
Vocabulary: Full Code Test - A two-stage test applied by the CPS to decide whether to prosecute, considering both public interest and evidential factors.
The UK criminal justice system involves multiple agencies of social control working together:
These agencies have distinct but interconnected roles in maintaining social order and administering justice. Their combined efforts aim to prevent crime, protect the public, and ensure fair treatment under the law.
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Lozza
@lolabu
·
40 Followers
Follow
The UK criminal justice system relies on several key agencies of social control to maintain law and order, prevent crime, and administer justice. This summary examines the roles, responsibilities, and operations of four major agencies: the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS), the Police Service, the Judiciary, and HM Prison Service (HMPS). Each plays a vital part in the criminal justice process, from investigation and prosecution to sentencing and rehabilitation.
The Police Service is a fundamental agency of social control in the UK, responsible for maintaining law and order and reducing crime. Their primary aims and objectives include:
To achieve these goals, the police work closely with communities and possess statutory powers of arrest, detention, search, and interview. These powers are primarily outlined in the Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE) 1984.
Definition: PACE 1984 - The Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984, which provides the legislative framework for police powers in England and Wales.
The police service's working practices involve:
Funding for the 43 geographic police forces in England and Wales primarily comes from central government grants, allocated through the annual Home Office Police Grant Report.
Highlight: The police service operates under a Code of Ethics that sets exemplary standards of behavior for all employees in policing.
The police philosophy is guided by principles of accountability, fairness, and honesty. Standards of professional behaviour for police officers include honesty and integrity, as well as showing authority, respect, and courtesy.
Quote: "The code of ethics sets and defines the exemplary standards of behaviour for everyone who works in policing."
Police forces handle all types of criminality, with general duty officers responding to emergency and non-emergency calls. Specialized departments exist for specific areas such as anti-terrorism, royal protection, firearms, and drug-related crimes.
The police service has a broad reach, with 45 territorial forces across the UK: 39 in England, 4 in Wales, and single forces in Scotland and Northern Ireland.
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HM Prison Service (HMPS) is a crucial agency of social control in the UK, responsible for carrying out custodial sentences and attempting to rehabilitate offenders. The primary aims and objectives of HMPS are:
Highlight: The dual focus on punishment and rehabilitation underscores the complex role of the prison service in the criminal justice system.
Funding for HMPS comes primarily from government taxation. In the 2021/22 fiscal year, the UK spent £5.42 billion on the prison service. The average annual cost per prison place in 2020/21 was £48,162, which represented a £4,000 increase from the previous year.
Example: The high cost per prisoner reflects the resources required for secure containment, staff, healthcare, education, and rehabilitation programs.
The prison service operates different categories of prisons to accommodate various risk levels:
Vocabulary: Category A Prison - The highest security classification for prisons in the UK, housing offenders deemed to be highly dangerous to the public, police, or national security if they were to escape.
Working practices in HMPS involve a range of activities aimed at maintaining security, providing basic needs, and offering rehabilitation opportunities. While the full details of working practices are not provided in the transcript, they typically include:
It's worth noting that out of 123 prisons in the UK, 109 are run by Her Majesty's Prison Service, indicating that the majority of prisons are under direct government control.
Definition: Rehabilitation in the context of HMPS refers to the process of helping prisoners address the root causes of their criminal behavior and develop skills to live law-abiding lives upon release.
The prison service faces ongoing challenges in balancing its punitive role with its rehabilitative aims, all while managing overcrowding and budget constraints. The effectiveness of rehabilitation programs and recidivism rates are key areas of focus for HMPS and policymakers alike.
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Join milions of students
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By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The Judiciary serves as a critical component of the UK's social control agencies, acting as an impartial arbiter in legal proceedings. The main aims and objectives of the Judiciary include:
Highlight: Under the Criminal Justice Act 2003, a judge can sit alone to decide a verdict and sentence in certain cases.
The Judiciary comprises judges, magistrates, tribunal members, and coroners. Their funding is determined independently by the Senior Salaries Review Body, ensuring financial autonomy from political influence.
The philosophy of the Judiciary is rooted in loyalty to the monarch (currently King Charles III) as the figurehead of the legal system. Judges take two important oaths:
Quote: "Judge must be loyal to king charles 111 as he is a figure head of the legal system whos name justice is carried out with lae being maintained"
Working practices of the Judiciary emphasize independence and impartiality:
The Judiciary deals with various types of criminality and offenders across different court levels:
Vocabulary: Either-way offenses - Crimes that can be tried either in the Magistrates' Court or the Crown Court, depending on their severity and the defendant's choice.
The reach of the Judiciary extends from local to national levels, with lower court judges handling local cases and the Supreme Court addressing matters of national significance.
Access to all documents
Join milions of students
Improve your grades
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) plays a crucial role in the UK criminal justice system as the principal prosecuting authority. Established by the Prosecution of Offences Act 1985, the CPS aims to promote independence in prosecutorial decisions.
The CPS has several key working practices:
Highlight: The CPS became the principal prosecution authority following the Prosecution of Offences Act 1985, taking over this role from the police to promote independence.
The CPS operates with a philosophy of being independent, fair, honest, open, and professional. It strives for excellence and treats all individuals with respect.
Funding for the CPS primarily comes from the government, with a budget of £663 million in 2021/22. The service also recovers assets, which can supplement its budget.
Example: The CPS prosecutes all types of offenders and criminality, from minor offenses to serious crimes. Complex cases are handled by the Central Casework Division.
The CPS has a national reach, operating across 14 geographical areas in England and Wales. Additionally, CPS Direct serves as a 15th area, providing 24/7 charging advice to police.
Vocabulary: Full Code Test - A two-stage test applied by the CPS to decide whether to prosecute, considering both public interest and evidential factors.
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Join milions of students
Improve your grades
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The UK criminal justice system involves multiple agencies of social control working together:
These agencies have distinct but interconnected roles in maintaining social order and administering justice. Their combined efforts aim to prevent crime, protect the public, and ensure fair treatment under the law.
Access to all documents
Join milions of students
Improve your grades
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Access to all documents
Join milions of students
Improve your grades
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Access to all documents
Join milions of students
Improve your grades
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Access to all documents
Join milions of students
Improve your grades
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Access to all documents
Join milions of students
Improve your grades
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Access to all documents
Join milions of students
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By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Average app rating
Pupils love Knowunity
In education app charts in 12 countries
Students have uploaded notes
iOS User
Philip, iOS User
Lena, iOS user
