Atoms were tiny spheres that could not be divided. (1805)

What did John Dalton’s experiment show?

It was a sphere of positive charge with negative charges soread throughout (1904).

Ernst Rutherford - alpha particles were fired at gold foil and they scattered and this meant the mass of an atom was concentrated in a nucleus. It states electrons orbited around the nucleus (1909).

Niels Bohr - he noticed that the light given out when atoms were heated only had specific amounts of energy so he thought the electrons orbited at fixed distances (1914).

James Chadwick - an experiment with alpha particles and a radiation was given off. This radiation was interpreted as being composed of particles with a neutral electrical charge and the approximate mass of a proton (1932).

What is the mass of protons, neutrons and electrons?

Protons: positive, Neutrons: neutral and Electrons: negative

What is the charge of protons, neutrons and electrons?

What does the relative atomic mass number tell you?

Atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. Atoms of the same element with the same atomic number but a different mass number.

How many electrons are found in the first 3 shells?

The group number tells you the number of electrons on the outer shell.

What is the link between the group number and the electronic structure?

The period number tells you how many shells are in the electronic structure.

What is the link between the period number and the electronic structure?

It explains the chemical properties of an element. Elements with similar configurations react in similar ways.

What does the electrons configuration tell you?

The alkali metals become more reactive down the group but the melting and boiling points decrease as you move down.

What is the trend in reactivity for group 1?

Good conductor of electricity and heat, shiny, malleable, ductile and high melting/boiling points.

They are useful for circuits, wires and jewellery too as it can be polished.

They are unstable as they do not have a full outer shell so the lose it after the reaction to make it stable.

Why do alkali metals lose the outer electron after they’ve reacted with water?

The inner shells cause the outer shell to be further away and the further away the outer electron is, the weaker it’s attraction is to the nucleus - easier to lose it.

The halogens get less reactive as you go down the group but the melting and boiling points increase as you move down.

What is the trend in reactivity for group 7?

Aluminium iodide - has purple vapour and a flame.

You multiply each element in the compound by how many atoms there are and each ones mass.

How do you calculate the relative formula mass?

What do you see when lithium reacts with water?

It burns in a ball, heat of reaction is enough to melt it, sometimes catches fire and releases hydrogen.

What do you see when sodium reacts with water?

Lilac flame with a spark and it’s dark blue/purple.

What do you see when potassium reacts with water?

What do alkali metals produce when they react with water?

English (UK)

Chemistry: Half-Term 1 (Y9)
-history of the atom
-compounds 
-trends in reactivity
-electronic configuration 
and more

Revision note

United Kingdom

shakthi 🧍‍♀️😟

chemistry: half-term 1 (y9)
-history of the atom
-compounds 
-trends in reactivity
-electronic configuration 
and more

Quiz

English

atomic structure

DEFAULT (England)

Chemistry

AP Chemistry

Atomic Structure

A-Level Sociology: Education. So these notes have all the sociologists studies that are also part of methods in context, I just haven't covered research methods here :)

Explore comprehensive A-Level Sociology notes on the education system, covering key theories, policies, and sociological perspectives. This resource includes insights on marketisation, gender roles, cultural deprivation, and educational inequalities, providing a thorough understanding of how education shapes social stratification and individual achievement. Ideal for exam preparation and in-depth study.

Sociology of Education Overview

Saffron

Sociology

Education- full topic revision 

Quotes + Analysis for characters in An Inspector Calls (Grade 8+)

Explore in-depth analysis and key quotes for characters in J.B. Priestley's 'An Inspector Calls'. This resource covers Gerald Croft, Inspector Goole, Sheila Birling, Mrs. Birling, Eric Birling, and Eva Smith, focusing on themes of class, gender roles, and social responsibility. Ideal for students aiming for Grade 8 and above.

An Inspector Calls: Character Insights

Mind map

Liv_767

English Literature

An Inspector Calls Characters

Revision maps for all 9 crime and deviance topics
I want to say thank you to everyone who's been so patient while i finished these notes- I got so many message asking if i had full topic notes for this unit so I'm glad to hear my work is helping people :)

Explore an extensive revision of crime and deviance topics, including theories, types of crime, and the impact of media. This resource covers key concepts such as Marxism, functionalism, gender and crime, and the influence of globalization on criminal behavior. Ideal for students seeking a thorough understanding of criminology and its various theories. Type: Full Topic Revision.

Comprehensive Crime & Deviance Overview

Crime & Deviance: full topic revision

Everything you need to revise families for paper 2 :)

Dive into an extensive overview of family dynamics, perspectives, and patterns in sociology. This resource covers key concepts such as family diversity, gender roles, marriage, and the impact of social policies on family structures. Perfect for A-Level Sociology students preparing for Paper 2.

Sociology of Families: Comprehensive Revision

A-Level Sociology: Families and Households Full Topic Revision 

Criminology unit 4 detailed revision note

Crystabel Owusu

Criminology

WJEC Unit 4 Criminology 

soph🐈‍⬛¿

Biology

Combined Science

aqa higher tier combined science -  biology b1 : cell biology, paper 1

Mindmaps for the crime and punishment topic. Remember, the exam for this is like a normal alevel so you'll need to remember as much as you can rather than take a folder in!

Comprehensive mindmaps covering key concepts in the Crime and Punishment topic for WJEC Criminology Unit 4. This resource includes detailed insights into the Criminal Justice System, crime prevention strategies, sentencing models, and the roles of various agencies. Ideal for A-Level revision, ensuring you grasp essential theories and legislative processes to excel in your exams.

Criminology: Crime & Punishment Overview

WJEC Criminology Unit 4 Full Topic Revision 

macbeth, lady macbeth and macbeth themes and context

Explore the complex themes of guilt and ambition in Shakespeare's 'Macbeth'. This analysis covers key characters, including Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, their moral dilemmas, and the tragic consequences of their ambition. Ideal for students studying character motivations, thematic elements, and the psychological impact of power. Includes insights on the natural order, manipulation, and the descent into madness.

Macbeth: Guilt and Ambition

ruru

Macbeth mind maps

Explore essential AQA Biology topics including Photosynthesis, Respiration, Homeostasis, Genetics, and Ecology. This comprehensive knowledge organizer covers key concepts such as energy transfer, hormonal control, and genetic variation, providing a solid foundation for your studies. Ideal for exam preparation and understanding biological processes.

AQA Biology: Key Concepts

B€LA〄

Biology (all topics)

Key Romeo and Juliet themes and analysed quotes 

alicia

Romeo and Juliet: Key themes 

Dhyan Patel

GCSE AQA Chemistry Topic 1

Ismail Saleem

Quick Runthrough of Chemistry Paper 1 

AQA GCSE Combined Chemistry * detailed summary 

Summary

Matilda Gant

GCSE Chemistry Revision Notes

Everything from snaprevise for OCR chemistry a-level

A-level OCR A Chemistry summary sheets

Explore key AQA GCSE Chemistry practicals, including flame tests, titration, and gas identification. This resource covers essential techniques for analyzing ions, making salts, and understanding reaction kinetics. Perfect for students preparing for exams and practical assessments.

Essential Chemistry Practicals

Lorena

Chemistry Required Practical  

Ruth Okungbowa

AQA GCSE Chemistry 4.2 Bonding, structure and the Properties of Matter

Grace Daniels

chem paper 1

Explore the fundamentals of redox reactions, including oxidation states, definitions of oxidation and reduction, and the roles of oxidizing and reducing agents. This summary covers key rules for determining oxidation states, the concept of disproportionation, and practical applications in chemical equations. Ideal for A-Level Chemistry students preparing for exams.

atomic structure

Flashcards

AQA GCSE Chemistry 4.4 Chemical changes

Electronic structure of atoms (year 9/10)

GCSE AQA Chemistry paper 2

year 8 chem flashcards /questions

atomic structure

Flashcards

AQA GCSE Chemistry 4.4 Chemical changes

Electronic structure of atoms (year 9/10)

GCSE AQA Chemistry paper 2

year 8 chem flashcards /questions